. 2021 Mar 22;26(6):1770. doi: 10.3390/molecules26061770

Table 3.

Some applications of gums and mucilages in nanomedicine.

No	Genus and Used Form	Application	Results	Reference
1	Basil seed mucilage	Antimicrobial	basil seed mucilage–chitosan films containing Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil and MgO nanoparticles can be used for increasing shelf-life of stored food commodities	[178]
2	Quince seed mucilage	cell culture scaffolds	the electrospun quince seed mucilage, in combination with polycaprolactone based scaffolds with 3D structures and 75–150 nm mean fiber diameters, are able to maximize adhesion and growth of epithelial Vero cells.	[179]
3	Quince seed mucilage	Structural improvement and antibacterial	quince seed mucilage supplemented with titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and silicon oxide (SiO₂) nanoparticles greatly improved the antibacterial and physico-mechanical properties of the prepared films.	[180]
4	Asafoetida gum	Cell toxicity and antimicrobial	Synthesized silver nanoparticles using Asafoetida were found to be effective in inhibiting the multiplication of cancer cells (MCF-7). They also exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal activity.	[181]
5	Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum	Synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles and antibacterial	Magnetic nanocomposite (Fe₃O₄ NPs) was synthesized and coated via Alyssum homo-locarpum seed gum successfully. The fabricated nanocomposite exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.	[182]
6	Guar gum	Biosynthesis of nanocomposites and Agricultural industry	Novel (Carboxymethyl cellulose) CMC–guar gum silver nanocomposites (CG-Ag0NC) are fabricated. Antimicrobial results displayed greater performance of the CG-Ag0NC. Developed CG-Ag⁰NC enhanced the shelf life of strawberries.	[183]
7	Azadirachta indica gum	Nano-carrier	Gum purified from Azadirachta indica did not have antibacterial activity but possessed good antioxidant and anticancer activity. The extracted polysaccharide was further carboxymethylated and used for the synthesis of nanocarrier to carry anticancer drug, curcumin. The nanocarriers were found to be effective against MCF7 cancer cell line.	[184]
8	Guar gum	Water purification	Guar gum–nano zinc oxide (GG/nZnO) biocomposite was used as an adsorbent for enhanced removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution.	[185]
9	Persian gum	Food industry	Nano-capsules with fish oil–garlic essential oil using persian gum were successfully produced. Nano-capsules produced have good physicochemical properties indicating good stability.	[186]
10	Gum kondagogu	Removal of various toxic metal ions	Gum kondagogu (GK) modified magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNP). The removal efficiencies for a variety of metal cations by the GK–MNP were determined quantitatively in the order: Cd²⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Pb²⁺ > Ni²⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Hg²⁺	[187]