Table 4.
Clinical profile of pulmonary infections in diabetics and nondiabetics.
| Variable | Diabetics (n = 44) | Nondiabetics (n = 53) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms | |||
| Fever, n (%) | 28 (63.6%) | 47 (88.7%) | 0.0032 |
| Cough, n (%) | 32 (72.7%) | 44 (83.0%) | 0.22 |
| Expectoration, n (%) | 21 (47.7%) | 26 (49.1%) | 0.90 |
| Chest pain, n (%) | 5 (11.4%) | 24 (45.3%) | 0.0002 |
| Hemoptysis, n (%) | 9 (20.5%) | 24 (45.3%) | 0.01 |
| Dyspnea, n (%) | 26 (59.1%) | 31 (58.5%) | 0.88 |
| Conscious | 36 (81.8%) | 50 (94.4%) | 0.053 |
| Unconscious | 8 (18.2%) | 3 (5.7%) | |
| Associated comorbidities | |||
| Heart failure, n (%) | 3 (6.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0.021 |
| Renal failure, n (%) | 7 (15.9%) | 1 (1.9%) | |
| Chronic liver disease, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.9%) | |
| None, n (%) | 37 (84.1%) | 51 (96.2%) | |
| Systolic blood pressure, n (%) | |||
| ≤90 mmHg | 6 (13.6%) | 2 (3.8%) | 0.08 |
| >90 mmHg | 38 (686.4%) | 51 (96.2%) | |
| Pulse rate, n (%) | |||
| ≥100/min | 19 (43.2%) | 25 (47.2%) | 0.69 |
| <100/min | 25 (56.8%) | 28 (52.8%) | |
| Respiratory rate, n (%) | |||
| ≥30/min | 19 (43.2%) | 21 (39.6%) | 0.72 |
| <30/min | 25 (56.8%) | 32 (60.4%) | |
| Temperature, n (%) | |||
| <95°F | 7 (15.9%) | 1 (1.9%) | 0.022 |
| 94–104°F | 36 (81.8%) | 52 (98.1%) | |
| >104°F | 1 (2.3%) | 0 (0%) | |
| TLC, n (%) | |||
| ≥12,000 per cmm | 20 (45.5%) | 34 (64.2%) | 0.064 |
| <12,000 per cmm | 24 (54.5%) | 19 (35.8%) | |
| Serum sodium, n (%) | |||
| <130 mEq/dL | 13 (29.5%) | 7 (13.2%) | 0.047 |
| ≥130 mEq/dL | 31 (70.5%) | 46 (86.8%) | |
| Blood urea, n (%) | |||
| ≥60 mg/dL | 8 (18.2%) | 5 (9.4%) | 0.2 |
| <60 mg/dL | 36 (81.8%) | 48 (90.6%) | |
| Arterial pH, n (%) | |||
| <7.35 | 20 (45.5%) | 17 (32.1%) | 0.18 |
| >7.35 | 24 (54.5%) | 36 (67.9%) | |
| pO2 | |||
| <60 mmHg | 25 (56.8%) | 51 (96.2%) | <0.001 |
| ≤60 mmHg | 19 (43.2%) | 2 (3.8%) | |
| PORT risk score (mean ± SD) | 124.84 ± 41.31 | 77.85 ± 39.77 | <0.001 |
| Tubercular, n (%) | 15 (34.1%) | 21 (39.6%) | 0.57 |
| Nontubercular, n (%) | 29 (65.9%) | 32 (60.4%) | |
| Sputum microscopy, n (%) | |||
| AFB positive | 9 (20.5%) | 16 (30.2%) | 0.50 |
| AFB negative | 6 (13.6%) | 5 (9.4%) | |
| Mantoux test, n (%) | |||
| Positive | 8 (18.2%) | 10 (18.9%) | 0.99 |
| Negative | 7 (15.9%) | 10 (18.9%) | |
TLC: total leukocyte count; pO2: partial pressure of oxygen; AFB: acid-fast bacteria; PORT: pneumonia patient outcomes research team.