Table 2.
Study and participants’ characteristics (data reported as mean ± standard deviation)
| No. | Author | Year published | Country | Subjects subgroups | No. of subjects (Men/ Women) | Age (years) | BMI (kg/m2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Abourazzak et al. [18] | 2014 | Morocco | KOA | 100 (21/79) | 59.68 ± 7.64 | 30.89 ± 4.94 |
| Healthy control | 80 (20/60) | 48.66 ± 9.30 | 28.00 ± 3.81 | ||||
| 2 | Al-Zahrani and Bakheit [19] | 2002 | UK | KOA | 58 (14/44) | 71 ± 8.40 | NR |
| Healthy control | 25 (10/15) | 69 ± 7.29 | NR | ||||
| 3 | Anan et al. [20] | 2015 | Japan | KOA | 20 (0/20) | 69 ± 4.4 | 24.4 ± 2.8 |
| Healthy control | 17 (0/17) | 69.8 ± 4.3 | 21.3 ± 2.7 | ||||
| 4 | Arnold et al. [21] | 2014 | Australia | KOA | 15 (7/8) | 67.0 ± 8.9 | 30.7 ± 6.2 |
| Healthy control | 15 (7/8) | 68.2 ± 9.7 | 25.5 ± 5.3 | ||||
| 5 | Bechard et al. [22] | 2012 | Canada | KOA | 20 (8/12) | 55 ± 8 | 28.9 ± 3.0 |
| Healthy control | 20 (12/8) | 51 ± 8 | 25.9 ± 3.2 | ||||
| 6 | Booij et al. [23] | 2020 | Netherlands | Medial KOA only | 30 (14/16) | 62.7 ± 5.9 | 25.5 ± 2.7 |
| 7 | Butler et al. [24] | 2009 | USA | KOA only | 30 (13/17) | 63.1 ± 6.8 | 33.8 ± 6.9 |
| 8 | Butler et al. [25] | 2011 | USA | Medial KOA | 15 (NR/NR) | 66.2 ± 7.8 | 32.2 ± 7.9 |
| Lateral KOA | 15 (NR/NR) | 65.3 ± 6.4 | 30.4 ± 7.5 | ||||
| Healthy control | 15 (NR/NR) | 56.3 ± 10.7 | 27.8 ± 5.7 | ||||
| 9 | Chapman et al. [26] | 2015 | UK | KOA only | 70 (43/27) | 60.3 ± 9.6 | 30.5 ± ± 4.9 |
| 10 | Chang et al. [27] | 2007 | USA | KOA only | 56 (23/33) | 66.6 ± 8.6 | 29.0 ± 4.2 |
| 11 | Charlton et al. [28] | 2018 | Canada | Medial KOA only | 16 (6/10) | 67.4 ± 9.3 | 24.6 ± 15.1 |
| 12 | Elbaz et al. [29] | 2017 | Israel | KOA | 63 (22/41) | 64.2 ± 8.1 | NR |
| Healthy control | 30 (21/9) | 67.9 ± 8.9 | NR | ||||
| 13 | Erhart-Hledik et al. [30] | 2017 | Canada | Medial KOA only | 10 (9/1) | 65.3 ± 9.8 | 27.8 ± 3.0 |
| 14 | Gardner et al. [31] | 2015 | USA | KOA | 13 (NR/NR) | 56.8 ± 5.2 | 26.6 ± 3.6 |
| Healthy control | 11 (NR/NR) | 50.0 ± 9.7 | 25.9 ± 5.4 | ||||
| 15 | Guler et al. [32] | 2009 | Turkey | KOA only | 115 (0/115) | 62.11 ± 8.72 | 32.91 ± 4.14 |
| 16 | Guo et al. [33] | 2007 | USA | KOA only | 10 (6/4) | 64 ± 8 | 29.0 ± 5.6 |
| 17 | Hinman et al. [34] | 2012 | Australia | KOA only | 73 (28/45) | 63.3 ± 8.4 | 27.7 ± 3.6 |
| 18 | Hinman et al., [35] | 2016 | Australia | KOA only | 81 (39/42) | 63.3 ± 7.9 | 29.7 ± 3.7 |
| 19 | Khan et al. [36] | 2019 | Malaysia | KOA only | 20 (NR) | 61.5 ± 8.63 | NR |
| 20 | Krackow et al. [37] | 2011 | USA | KOA | 8 (4/4) | 59 ± 11.34 | 33.84 ± 6.90 |
| Healthy control | 10 (5/5) | 62.50 ± 4.17 | 28.44 ± 4.23 | ||||
| 21 | Levinger et al. [38] | 2010 | Australia | KOA | 32 (16/16) | 65.84 ± 7.57 | 29.97 ± 5.26 |
| Healthy control | 28 (13/15) | 65.22 ± 11.41 | 25.56 ± 3.95 | ||||
| 22 | Levinger et al. [39] | 2012a | Australia | KOA | 50 (27/23) | 66.4 ± 7.6 | 29.6 ± 5.1 |
| Healthy control | 28 (13/15) | 65.1 ± 11.2 | 25.7 ± 3.9 | ||||
| 23 | Levinger et al. [40] | 2012b | Australia | KOA | 32 (16/16) | 65.8 ± 7.5 | 29.9 ± 5.2 |
| Healthy control | 28 (13/15) | 65.2 ± 11.4 | 25.5 ± 3.9 | ||||
| 24 | Lidtke et al. [41] | 2010 | USA | KOA | 25 (6/19) | 60.2 ± 10.6 | 29.2 ± 4.6 |
| Healthy control | 25 (12/13) | 58.5 ± 9.1 | 26.6 ± 3.3 | ||||
| 25 | Nigg et al. [42] | 2006 | Canada | KOA only | 123 (56/67) | 57.4 ± 2.2 | 29.5 ± 1.6 |
| 26 | Ohi et al. [43] | 2017 | Japan | KOA only | 88 (30/58) | 74.8 ± 7.58 | 24.3 ± 3.54 |
| 27 | Paquette et al. [44] | 2015 | USA | KOA | 13 (6/7) | 62.5 ± 9 | 28.3 ± 6.5 |
| Healthy control | 13 (5/8) | 58.9 ± 8.3 | 23.9 ± 2.6 | ||||
| 28 | Park et al. [45] | 2016 | Canada | KOA | 24 (7/17) | 54 ± 7.3 | 26.1 ± 3.4 |
| Healthy control | 24 (8/16) | 52.4 ± 10.6 | 24.7 ± 3.2 | ||||
| 29 | Reilly et al. [46] | 2006 | UK | KOA | 60 (25/35) | 67.80 ± 8.09 | NR |
| Healthy control | 60 (28/32) | 64.92 ± 12.18 | NR | ||||
| 30 | Reilly et al. [47] | 2009 | UK | Medial KOA | 20 (9/11) | 63 ± 8.7 | NR |
| Healthy control | 20 (4/16) | 56 ± 7.3 | NR | ||||
| 31 | Rutherford et al. [48] | 2008 | Canada | KOA asymptomatic | 50 (32/18) | 53 ± 10 | 26 ± 4 |
| KOA mild to moderate | 46 (20/26) | 60 ± 9 | 31 ± 5 | ||||
| KOA severe | 44 (20/24) | 67 ± 8 | 32 ± 5 | ||||
| 32 | Rutherford et al. [49] | 2010 | Canada | KOA | 17 (10/7) | 56 ± 8.8 | 29.8 ± 6.5 |
| Healthy control | 20 (7/13) | 46.5 ± 7.0 | 25.9 ± 4.8 | ||||
| 33 | Saito et al. [50] | 2013 | Japan | KOA | 50 (10/40) | 75 | NR |
| Elderly control | 44 (8/36) | 74 | NR | ||||
| 34 | Shakoor et al. [51] | 2008 | USA | KOA | 27 (5/22) | 54 ± 12 | 37.8 ± 8.6 |
| Healthy control | 14 (5/9) | 47 ± 14 | 29.8 ± 5.6 | ||||
| 35 | Simic et al. [52] | 2013 | Australia | KOA only | 22 (9/13) | 69.7 ± 9.0 | 28.4 ± 4.8 |
| 36 | Tan et al. [53] | 2020 | Australia | KOA only | 21 (7/14) | 58 ± 8 | 27.0 ± 4.8 |
| 37 | Trombini-Souza et al. [54] | 2011 | Brazil | KOA | 21 (0/21) | 6 5 ± 5 | NR |
| Healthy control | 24 (0/24) | 65 ± 4 | NR | ||||
| 38 | Van Tunen et al. [55] | 2018 | Australia | Medial KOA only | 21 (9/12) | 63.4 ± 7.0 | 29.8 ± 3.6 |
| 39 | Zhang et al. [56] | 2017 | China | KOA | 23 (0/23) | 64.2 ± 6.6 | 23.3 ± 1.9 |
| Healthy control | 23 (0/23) | 62.1 ± 2.4 | 22.6 ± 1.8 |
Abbreviations: KOA knee osteoarthritis, BMI Body Mass Index, NR not reported