Table 1.
Comparison of parameters between those who developed diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and those who didnot develop DKAa.
| Parameter | Patients developing DKA (n = 26) | Patients not developing DKA (n = 170) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 54·81 (11·7) | 60·1 (10·6) | 0·02 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24·85 (1·92) | 27·36 (1·66) | <0·0001 |
| Duration of DM (years) | 8·1 (2·1) | 11·04 (3·2) | 0·07 |
| HbA1c(%) at admission | 10·11 (1·92) | 7·7 (1·47) | <0·0001 |
| Prevalence of macrovascular complications related to DM | 6 (23·1%) | 48 (28·2%) | 0·58 |
| Prevalence of microvascular complications related to Diabetes | 7 (26·9%) | 52 (30·5%) | 0·7 |
| Prior insulin therapy | 8 (30·8%) | 36 (21·1%) | 0·27 |
| Prior oral anti-diabetic medications Metformin DPP4i Sulfonylureas Pioglitazone Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor SGLT2i |
25 (96·2%) 18 (69·2%) 13 (50%) 9 (34·6%) 8 (30·8%) 11 (42·3%) |
152 (84·4%) 13 (76·5%) 99 (58·2%) 45 (26·4%) 82 (48·2%) 45 (26·5%) |
0·48 0·73 0·43 0·39 0·09 0·09 |
| Duration since onset of symptoms of COVID-19 to admission (days) | 9 (2) | 8 (1) | 0·27 |
| Prevalence of severe COVID-19 infection n (%) | 11(42·3%) | 38 (22·3%) | 0·01 |
| CRP at admission (mg/L) | 103·40 (52·44) | 34·70 (22·15) | <0·0001 |
| IL-6 at admission (pg/ml) | 141·70 (71·90) | 12·80 (7·20) | <0·0001 |
| Procalcitonin at admission (ng/ml) | 0·45 (0·20) | 0·14 (0·08) | <0·0001 |
| D - dimer levels at admission (ng/ml) | 3579 (666·20) | 1323 (134·70) | <0·0001 |
| SpO2% at admission | 77 (7.4) | 80 (12.2) | 0.87 |
| PaO2 at admission | 73.6 (8.9) | 77.4 (10.3) | 0.74 |
| Outcome | Recovery: 23 (88·4%) Death: 3 (11·5%) |
Recovery:162 (95·3%) Death: 8 (4·7%) |
0·16 |
a
Values are mentioned in mean (SD) for quantitative or n (%) for prevalence.The values of CRP, IL-6 and procalcitonin are expressed in median (IQR). DM = Diabetes Mellitus, OHA = Oral hypoglycemic agents, DPP4i = Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, SGLT2i = Sodium-Glucose co-transporter-2,CRP = C reacrive protein, IL-6 = Interleukin-6. p < 0.05 taken as significant.