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. 2020 Nov 25;78(6):3005–3020. doi: 10.1007/s00018-020-03703-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Human PDAC patient-derived organoids release EVs. a The RNA levels of ductal, acinar and endocrine markers in patient-derived organoids (n = 5, RT-qPCR). b Percentage of CD63 + beads from the supernatants of PDAC organoids, detected by flow cytometry. Note that all cultures released CD63 + EVs. c Detecting particles from organoid cultures with TRPS after centrifugation with 300 g and 2000 g. Membrane with pore size of 400 nm was applied (measuring range 185–1100 nm) and the calibration beads were used in the same medium. d–e Representative image of an NTA measurement (d) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) (e). Scale bar: 500 nm (e)