Table 5. Frequency of susceptibility of micro-organisms to antibiotics isolated in the cultures (n=222).
*Most sensitive/resistant antibiotic among the particular organism; ^second most sensitive/resistant antibiotic among the particular organism
Staph aureus: Staphylococcal aureus; MRSA: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcal aureus; P. aeruginosa: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; E. coli: Escherichia coli; K. pneumonia: Klebsiella pneumonia; K. oxytoca: Klebsiella oxytoca
| Antibiotics | Organisms | ||||||||||||||
| 1. Staph aureus | 2. MRSA | 3. Enterococcus | 4. Streptococcus | 5. P. aeruginosa | 6. E. coli | 7. K. pneumonia | 8. Proteus mirabilis | 9. Acinetobacter | 10. K.oxytoca | 11. Burkholderia cepacia | 12. Enterobacter | 13. Citrobacter | |||
| Aztreonam | Sensitive | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Resistant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Amikacin | Sensitive | 4* | 2^ | 2 | 0 | 6^ | 109* | 15^ | 1^ | 0 | 2* | 0 | 3 | 1* | |
| Resistant | 0 | 1^ | 1 | 0 | 3^ | 8 | 10 | 0 | 1^ | 2^ | 0 | 5^ | 0 | ||
| Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid | Sensitive | 1 | 0 | 21^ | 5* | 0 | 57 | 8 | 2* | 0 | 2* | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Resistant | 0 | 3* | 1 | 0 | 0 | 58 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 2^ | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Ampicillin | Sensitive | 0 | 0 | 20 | 5* | 0 | 4 | 1 | 2* | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Resistant | 0 | 0 | 20^ | 0 | 0 | 111* | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Ciprofloxacin | Sensitive | 3^ | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7* | 33 | 4 | 1^ | 0 | 1^ | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
| Resistant | 1* | 1^ | 5 | 0 | 3^ | 87 | 19 | 0 | 2* | 3* | 0 | 7* | 0 | ||
| Ceftriaxone | Sensitive | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 20 | 5 | 1^ | 1^ | 1^ | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
| Resistant | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 99 | 21* | 0 | 1^ | 2^ | 0 | 7* | 1* | ||
| Cefixime | Sensitive | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 5 | 1^ | 0 | 1^ | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
| Resistant | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 107^ | 21* | 0 | 0 | 3* | 0 | 7* | 1* | ||
| Cefuroxime | Sensitive | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 6 | 1^ | 0 | 1^ | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
| Resistant | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 106 | 20^ | 0 | 0 | 3* | 0 | 7* | 1* | ||
| Co-trimoxazole | Sensitive | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 36 | 3 | 1^ | 0 | 1^ | 1* | 2 | 0 | |
| Resistant | 1* | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 57 | 14 | 0 | 2* | 2^ | 0 | 1 | 1* | ||
| Gentamicin | Sensitive | 4* | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 86 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1^ | 0 | 4^ | 0 | |
| Resistant | 0 | 1^ | 1 | 0 | 3^ | 33 | 14 | 0 | 1^ | 3* | 0 | 5^ | 1* | ||
| Meropenem | Sensitive | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 85 | 11 | 0 | 2* | 0 | 1* | 3 | 1* | |
| Resistant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2^ | 0 | 4 | 0 | ||
| Piperacillin/tazobactam | Sensitive | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 7* | 81 | 12 | 1^ | 2* | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1* | |
| Resistant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3^ | 34 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 2^ | 0 | 5^ | 0 | ||
| Vancomycin | Sensitive | 3^ | 3* | 18 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Resistant | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Fosfomycin | Sensitive | 0 | 0 | 32* | 4^ | 1 | 104^ | 19* | 2* | 1^ | 1^ | 0 | 4^ | 1* | |
| Resistant | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | ||
| Nitrofurantoin | Sensitive | 3^ | 1 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 51 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1^ | 0 | 0 | 1* | |
| Resistant | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Levofloxacin | Sensitive | 0 | 0 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 1^ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1* | |
| Resistant | 0 | 0 | 26* | 2* | 1 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1* | 3 | 0 | ||
| Colomycin/polymyxin B | Sensitive | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2* | 0 | 5* | 0 | |
| Resistant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Tobramycin | Sensitive | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Resistant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2^ | 0 | 4 | 0 | ||
| Sulbactam/cefoperazone | Sensitive | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Resistant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2^ | 0 | 4 | 0 | ||
| Ceftazidime | Sensitive | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6^ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1* | 0 | 0 | |
| Resistant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4* | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Linezolid | Sensitive | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Resistant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Cloxacillin | Sensitive | 4* | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Resistant | 0 | 3* | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Organisms | Minimal inhibitory concentration | ||||||||||||||
| 1. Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcal aureus (n=4) | Ampicillin: susceptibility ≥29 mm, resistant ≤28 mm; amoxicillin + clavulanic acid: susceptibility ≥22 mm, resistant ≤21 mm; cefuroxime: susceptibility ≥24 mm, resistant ≤20 mm; ciprofloxacin: susceptibility ≥21 mm, resistant ≤15 mm; co-trimoxazole: susceptibility ≥16 mm, resistant ≤10 mm; gentamicin: susceptibility ≥15 mm, resistant ≤12 mm | ||||||||||||||
| 2. MRSA (n=2) | |||||||||||||||
| 3. Enterococcus species (n=24) | Ampicillin: susceptibility ≥17 mm, resistant ≤16 mm; amoxicillin + clavulanic acid: susceptibility ≥17 mm, resistant ≤16 mm; ciprofloxacin: susceptibility ≥21 mm, resistant ≤15 mm | ||||||||||||||
| 4. Streptococcus species (n=4) | Ampicillin: susceptibility ≥24 mm, resistant ≤19 mm; ciprofloxacin: susceptibility ≥17 mm, resistant ≤13 mm | ||||||||||||||
| 5. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=8) | Amikacin: susceptibility ≥17 mm, resistant ≤14 mm; aztreonam: susceptibility ≥22 mm, resistant ≤15 mm; ciprofloxacin: susceptibility ≥21 mm, resistant ≤15 mm; meropenem: susceptibility ≥19 mm, resistant ≤15 mm; gentamicin: susceptibility ≥15 mm, resistant ≤12 mm; piperacillin/tazobactam: susceptibility ≥21 mm, resistant ≤14 mm | ||||||||||||||
| 6. E. coli (n=82) | Amikacin: susceptibility ≥17 mm, resistant ≤14 mm; aztreonam: susceptibility ≥21 mm, resistant ≤17 mm; ciprofloxacin: susceptibility ≥21 mm, resistant ≤15 mm; meropenem: susceptibility ≥23 mm, resistant ≤19 mm; gentamicin: susceptibility ≥15 mm, resistant ≤12 mm; piperacillin-tazobactam: susceptibility ≥21 mm, resistant ≤17 mm | ||||||||||||||
| 7. Klebsiella pneumonia (n=20) | Amikacin: susceptibility ≥17 mm, resistant ≤14 mm; aztreonam: susceptibility ≥21 mm, resistant ≤17 mm; ciprofloxacin: susceptibility ≥21 mm, resistant ≤15 mm; meropenem: susceptibility ≥23 mm, resistant ≤19 mm; gentamicin: susceptibility ≥15 mm, resistant ≤12 mm; piperacillin-tazobactam: susceptibility ≥21 mm, resistant ≤17 mm | ||||||||||||||
| 8. Proteus mirabilis (n=1) | Amikacin: susceptibility ≥17 mm, resistant ≤14 mm; aztreonam: susceptibility ≥21 mm, resistant ≤17 mm; cefuroxime: susceptibility ≥18 mm, resistant ≤14 mm; ciprofloxacin: susceptibility ≥21 mm, resistant ≤15 mm; meropenem: susceptibility ≥23 mm, resistant ≤19 mm; gentamicin: susceptibility ≥15 mm, resistant ≤12 mm | ||||||||||||||
| 9. Acinetobacter species (n=1) | Amikacin: susceptibility ≥17 mm, resistant ≤14 mm; aztreonam: susceptibility ≥21 mm, resistant ≤17 mm; ciprofloxacin: susceptibility ≥21 mm, resistant ≤15 mm; meropenem: susceptibility ≥18 mm, resistant ≤14 mm; gentamicin: susceptibility ≥15 mm, resistant ≤12 mm; piperacillin-tazobactam: susceptibility ≥21 mm, resistant ≤17 mm | ||||||||||||||
| 10. Klebsiella oxytoca (n=4) | Not checked | ||||||||||||||
| 11. Burkholderia cepacia (n=1) | |||||||||||||||
| 12. Enterobacter species (n=9) | |||||||||||||||
| 13. Citrobacter species (n=1) | |||||||||||||||