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. 2021 Mar 23;21(6):2246. doi: 10.3390/s21062246

Table 1.

Features extracted from windowed data.

Feature Feature Description Source Number of Input Parameters Total
Features
Time domain features (n = 13)
Number, duration, length of COP reversals Number, length, duration of centre of pressure (COP) path direction reversals per window (n = 3) [36] 2 6
Number, duration, length of COP deviations Number, length, duration of mediolateral COP deviations per window. Deviation is the first derivative of COP ML exceeding a threshold of ±0.5 mm/window (n = 3) [36] 2 6
CV of COP position, velocity, acceleration Anterior/posterior (AP) and medial/lateral (ML) coefficients of variation (CV) of COP position, velocity, and acceleration (n = 6) [36] 2 12
Number of weight shifts Number of times the majority of total GRF (>50%) changed foot (n = 1) - 1 1
Category total 25
Fast Fourier transform (FFT) features (n = 8)
Total power in FFT signal Power in FFT signal per window as sum of squared amplitude (n = 1) [37] 38 38
Dominant frequency Frequency bin with highest amplitude per window (n = 1) [38] 38 38
Max, min, mean Maximum, minimum, and mean amplitude of FFT signal (n = 3) [38] 38 114
Power in locomotion, freeze bands Power under FFT curve in locomotion band (0.5–3 Hz) and freeze band (3–8 Hz) (n = 2) [39] 38 76
Freeze index Ratio of power in freeze band (3–8 Hz) and locomotion band (0.5–3 Hz) (n = 1) [39] 38 38
Category total 304
Discrete wavelet transform features (n = 14), Haar mother wavelet
Variance of coefficients Variance of the detail and approximation coefficient vectors (n = 2) [40] 38 76
Max, min, mean Maximum, minimum, mean of detail and approximation coefficient vectors (n = 6) [40] 38 228
Max, min, mean energy Maximum, minimum, mean energy of detail and approximation coefficient vectors (n = 6) [40] 38 228
Category total 532