Table 1.
Feature | Feature Description | Source | Number of Input Parameters | Total Features |
---|---|---|---|---|
Time domain features (n = 13) | ||||
Number, duration, length of COP reversals | Number, length, duration of centre of pressure (COP) path direction reversals per window (n = 3) | [36] | 2 | 6 |
Number, duration, length of COP deviations | Number, length, duration of mediolateral COP deviations per window. Deviation is the first derivative of COP ML exceeding a threshold of ±0.5 mm/window (n = 3) | [36] | 2 | 6 |
CV of COP position, velocity, acceleration | Anterior/posterior (AP) and medial/lateral (ML) coefficients of variation (CV) of COP position, velocity, and acceleration (n = 6) | [36] | 2 | 12 |
Number of weight shifts | Number of times the majority of total GRF (>50%) changed foot (n = 1) | - | 1 | 1 |
Category total | 25 | |||
Fast Fourier transform (FFT) features (n = 8) | ||||
Total power in FFT signal | Power in FFT signal per window as sum of squared amplitude (n = 1) | [37] | 38 | 38 |
Dominant frequency | Frequency bin with highest amplitude per window (n = 1) | [38] | 38 | 38 |
Max, min, mean | Maximum, minimum, and mean amplitude of FFT signal (n = 3) | [38] | 38 | 114 |
Power in locomotion, freeze bands | Power under FFT curve in locomotion band (0.5–3 Hz) and freeze band (3–8 Hz) (n = 2) | [39] | 38 | 76 |
Freeze index | Ratio of power in freeze band (3–8 Hz) and locomotion band (0.5–3 Hz) (n = 1) | [39] | 38 | 38 |
Category total | 304 | |||
Discrete wavelet transform features (n = 14), Haar mother wavelet | ||||
Variance of coefficients | Variance of the detail and approximation coefficient vectors (n = 2) | [40] | 38 | 76 |
Max, min, mean | Maximum, minimum, mean of detail and approximation coefficient vectors (n = 6) | [40] | 38 | 228 |
Max, min, mean energy | Maximum, minimum, mean energy of detail and approximation coefficient vectors (n = 6) | [40] | 38 | 228 |
Category total | 532 |