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. 2021 Mar 22;13(3):428. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030428

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Strategies to improve the endosomal escape ability of some nanocarriers. This schematic illustrates the association between the more typically employed surface modifications and the endosomal escape mechanisms (EEMs): (A) Proton-Sponge and osmotic lysis; (B) Membrane fusion; (C) Particle swelling, and (D) Membrane translocation and destabilization. The color legend below the EEMs corresponds to the surface modifications that likely trigger the corresponding EEM. Created with BioRender.com.