Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of study subjects.

Variables	CPI < 3	%	CPI ≥ 3	%	Total	p
Age						<0.0001
40	926	72.5	351	27.5	1277
41	1033	72.4	393	27.6	1426
42	1037	67.8	492	32.2	1529
43	1005	66.4	508	33.6	1513
44	1026	66.1	527	33.9	1553
Gender						<0.0001
Female	3439	72.5	1303	27.5	4742
Male	1588	62.1	968	37.9	2556
Education level
Junior high school or below	1484	73.1	546	26.9	2030	<0.0001
Senior high school	2428	68.2	1130	31.8	3558
College or above	1089	64.9	589	35.1	1678
Bone Mineral Density (BMD)						0.0002
BMD > −1	3172	70.5	1329	29.5	4501
−2.5 < BMD ≤ −1 (osteopenia)	1763	66.7	881	33.3	2644
BMD ≤ −2.5 (osteoporosis)	92	60.1	61	39.9	153
Past History of Osteoposis
No	4757	68.6	2180	31.4	6977	0.0089
Yes, without medications	172	71.7	68	28.3	240
Yes, with medications	98	81.0	23	19.0	121
BMI						<0.0001
18 ≤ BMI < 25	4118	70.0	1767	30.0	5885
BMI ≥ 25	887	63.8	503	36.2	1390
Smoking						<0.0001
No	3652	72.2	1406	27.8	5058
Yes	1283	60.4	841	39.6	2124
Alcohol Drinking
	3747	71.1	1525	28.9	5272	<0.0001
No	1162	62.1	709	37.9	1871
Betel-quid Chewing
No	4570	70.1	1854	29.9	6524	<0.0001
Yes	347	54.8	286	45.2	633
Diabetes Mellitus						<0.0001
No	4883	69.4	2157	30.6	7040
Yes	132	55.2	107	44.8	239
Component of Metabolic Syndrome
Central Obesity						<0.0001
No	3992	70.7	1654	29.3	5646
Yes	1035	62.6	617	37.4	1652
Hypertriglyceridemia						<0.0001
No	3859	70.3	1630	29.7	5489
Yes	1168	64.6	641	35.4	1809
Low HDL-C						<0.0001
No	3692	70.8	1335	29.2	5214
Yes	1522	64.1	749	35.9	2084
Elevated Blood Pressure						0.0029
No	4178	69.6	1822	30.4	6000
Yes	849	65.4	449	34.6	1298
Hyperglycemia						0.0012
No	4415	69.6	1932	30.4	6347
Yes	612	64.4	339	35.6	951
Metabolic Syndrome						<0.0001
No	4270	70.4	1799	29.6	6069
Yes	757	61.6	472	38.4	1229