Figure 1.

Flow of participants. Adapted from Reference [39]. Out of the 729 adults screened for eligibility, 213 were analysed in the observation phase and 54 were randomised to 12 h time-restricted eating (TRE) versus standard dietary advice (SDA). During the intervention phase, two participants had to be excluded the day after randomisation (see text), five were lost to follow up and two withdrew from the study (due to the Covid-19 pandemic or other reasons). The main analyses therefore comprised 25 participants in the TRE arm and 20 participants in the SDA arm.