Figure 1.
Scheme of cellular energy metabolism (ATP production) in the cytoplasm (glycolysis, green) and in mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) via the electron transport chain (ETC, grey) with the use of oxygen (blue). Substrate for glycolysis is (extracellular) glucose and for OXPHOS pyruvate (from the cytoplasm, green), or (extracellular) fatty acids (black), or (extracellular) glutamine and/or glutamate (red).