| GCE | Glassy carbon electrode |
| SPE | Screen-printed electrodes |
| GSPE | Graphene modified screen-printed carbon electrode |
| PGE | Pencil graphite electrode |
| MSPE | Magnetic screen-printed electrode |
| LIG | Laser-induced graphene |
| EIS | Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy |
| LSV | Linear sweep voltammetry |
| DPV | Differential pulse voltammetry |
| CV | Cyclic voltammetry |
| SWV | Square wave voltammetry |
| FAAS | Flame atomic absorption spectrometry |
| BP NSs | Black phosphorus nanosheets |
| GO | Graphene oxide |
| rGO | Reduced graphene oxide |
| Ti3C2Tx | Titanium carbide MXene nanosheets |
| YbMoSe2 | Ytterbium-doped molybdenum selenide |
| Fe3O4 | Iron oxide |
| AChE | Acetylcholinesterase |
| Au-Pd | Gold-palladium |
| CFU | Colony forming unit |
| EDC | 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride |
| SNAP-25 | Synaptosomal-associated protein-25 |
| GFP | Green fluorescent protein |
| BSA | Bovine serum albumin |
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