Table 2.

Association of selected familial history, co-morbidities and lifestyle habits with acne presentation

Variable	Unadjusted	p	Adjusteda	p
	OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)
A. Socio-demographic factors
Age
> 24	1.00	–	1.00	–
20–24	1.502 (1.012–2.227)	0.043*	1.499 (1.009–2.222)	0.045*
≤ 19	1.401 (0.923–2.123)	0.114	1.397 (0.921–2.119)	0.116
Household number
≤ 2	1.00	–	1.00	–
2–4	2.037 (1.172–3.534)	0.012*	1.894 (1.079–3.322)	0.026*
> 4	2.146 (1.247–3.690)	0.006**	1.984 (1.136–3.460)	0.016*
B. Familial history
Maternal Acne
Yes	2.872 (2.253–3.660)	< 0.001***	2.861 (2.239–3.655)	< 0.001***
No	1.00	–	1.00	–
Paternal Acne
Yes	3.314 (2.555–4.298)	< 0.001***	3.319 (2.553–4.315)	< 0.001***
No	1.00	–	1.00	–
Parental Acne
None	1.00	–	1.00	–
Only 1 parent	3.559 (2.494–5.076)	< 0.001***	3.663 (2.564–5.236)	< 0.001***
Both	3.497 (2.618–4.651)	< 0.001***	3.509 (2.625–4.717)	< 0.001***
Sibling Acne
Yes	3.187 (2.544–3.992)	< 0.001***	3.167 (2.527–3.968)	< 0.001***
No	1.00	–	1.00	–
Familial Acne
None	1.00	–	1.00	–
At least 1 parent/sibling	4.184 (3.279–5.348)	< 0.001***	4.202 (3.289–5.348)	< 0.001***
C. Lifestyle factors
Alcohol drinking
Non-drinker	1.00	–	1.00	–
Drinker	1.292 (1.071–1.560)	0.008**	1.264 (1.045–1.529)	0.016*
D. Dietary habits
Butter consumption
Never/ occasionally	1.00	–	1.00	–
Once or twice/week	0.917 (0.724–1.163)	0.476	0.912 (0.717–1.157)	0.446
Most or all days	0.672 (0.460–0.983)	0.041*	0.666 (0.455–0.975)	0.036*
Probiotic drink consumption
Never/ occasionally	1.00	–	1.00	–
Once or twice/week	1.189 (0.931–1.520)	0.165	1.185 (0.926–1.515)	0.178
Most or all days	0.723 (0.523–0.999)	0.049*	0.701 (0.506–0.973)	0.034*

Values are odds ratio (95% CI)

*p < 0.05 ** p ≤ 0.009 *** p ≤ 0.000

^aAdjusted for age and gender