Table 5.

Association Between Type of Gender, Contact Lens, Risk Behaviors and History of Having Contact Lens-Related Corneal Ulcer in Participants

Factors	Categories	History of Contact Lens-Related Corneal Ulcer		Univariate Analysis		Multivariate Analysis
		Yes	No	OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted p value
Gender	Male	11 (16.67%)	55 (83.33%)	2.15 (0.99–4.66)	0.053	2.78 (1.20, 6.42)	0.017*
	Female	23 (8.52%)	247 (91.48%)
Contact lens replacement schedule	1 Month	31 (10.23%)	272 (89.77%)	1.48 (0.33, 6.54)	0.586
	<1 Month	2 (7.14%)	26 (92.86%)
Colored contact lenses	Yes	7 (12.73%)	48 (87.27%)	1.35 (0.55, 3.34)	0.507
	No	23 (9.70%)	214 (90.30%)
Place of purchase	Flea market	5 (10.42%)	43 (89.58%)	1.18 (0.42, 3.31)	0.746
	Internet	7 (15.91%)	37 (84.09%)	1.92 (0.76, 4.86)	0.164
	Optical shop	21 (8.94%)	214 (91.60%)
Washing hand before inserting/removing lenses	Yes	23 (8.21%)	257 (91.79%)	0.37 (0.17, 0.80)	0.012*	0.51 (0.21, 1.20)	0.123
	No	11 (19.64%)	45 (80.36%)
Sleeping overnight with lenses	Yes	12 (12.12%)	87 (87.88%)	1.35 (0.64, 2.84)	0.433
	No	22 (9.28%)	215 (90.72%)
Sharing lenses with friends	Yes	4 (26.67%)	11 (73.33%)	3.53 (1.06, 11.76)	0.040*	2.09 (0.57, 7.71)	0.268
	No	30 (9.35%)	291 (90.65%)
Replacing lenses as recommended	Yes	18 (9.68%)	168 (90.32%)	0.90 (0.44, 1.83)	0.765
	No	16 (10.67%)	134 (89.33%)
Swimming with contact lenses	Yes	18 (20.93%)	68 (79.07%)	3.87 (1.87, 8.00)	<0.001*	3.44 (1.57, 7.55)	0.002*
	No	16 (6.40%)	234 (93.60%)
Using tap water to clean/rinse lenses	Yes	10 (19.61%)	41 (80.39%)	2.65 (1.18, 5.95)	0.018*	2.26 (0.93, 5.49)	0.073
	No	24 (8.24%)	261 (91.58%)
Using fresh lens solution every day	Yes	24 (9.13%)	239 (90.87%)	0.56 (0.24, 1.27)	0.165
	No	9 (15.25%)	50 (84.75%)
Changing lens case every 1–3 months	Yes	31 (10.23%)	272 (89.77%)	NA	NA
	No	0 (0%)	8 (100%)

Note: *Statistical significance at p value < 0.05.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; NA, not available; OR, odds ratio.