Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Study | Country | Study design | DM group | Non-DM group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Age | Sex, male | No | Age | Sex, male | |||
| Acharya D et al. [12] | Korea | Multi-center cross-sectional study | 55 | 69.8 ± 13.5 | 20 (36.4%) | 269 | 51.9 ± 21.4 | 115 (42.8%) |
| Al-Salame et al. [13] | France | Observational cohort | 115 | 72.6 ± 3.3 | 73 (62.6%) | 317 | 72.3 ± 4.2 | 165 (52.1%) |
| Alzaid et al. [14] | France | Observational cohort | 30 | 64.8 ± 6.6 | 23 (76.7%) | 15 | 63.3 ± 7.2 | 8 (53.3%) |
| Chung SM. et al. [15] | South Korea | Retrospective cohort study | 29 | 66.3 ± 8.9 | 14 (48.3%) | 81 | 53.5 ± 17.9 | 34 (24.0%) |
| Conway J. et al. [16] | UK | Retrospective case series | 16 | NS | 9 (56.3%) | 55 | NS | 32 (58.2%) |
| Fox T. et al. [17] | USA | Retrospective observational study | 166 | 66.42 ± 12.67 | 86 (51.8%) | 189 | 66.03 ± 15.46 | 88 (46.6%) |
| Guan Wj. et al. [18] | China | Multi-center retrospective case study | 130 | 61.2 ± 13.4 | 76/129 (58.9%) | 1460 | 47.8 ± 16.1 | 828/1449 (57.1%) |
| Kim MK. et al. [19] | Korea | Multi-center, retrospective, observational study | 235 | 68.3 ± 11.9 | 106 (45.1%) | 235 | 69.7 ± 12.4 | 95 (40.4%) |
| Liang JJ. et al. [20] | China | Retrospective study | 55 | 62.4 ± 7.7 | 27 (49.1%) | 76 | 63.3 ± 8.3 | 43 (56.6%) |
| Liu D. et al. [21] | China | Retrospective observational study | 19 | 60.3 ± 11.9 | 10 (52.6%) | 76 | 46.5 ± 17.2 | 36 (47.4%) |
| Liu Z. et al. [22] | China | Retrospective observational study | 139 | 64.5 ± 10.0 | 66 (47.5%) | 795 | 61.6 ± 14.5 | 388 (48.8%) |
| Saeed O. et al. [23] | USA | Retrospective study | 2266 | 67.9 ± 12.8 | 1189 (52.5%) | 1986 | 61.1 ± 17.6 | 1066 (53.7%) |
| Shang J. et al. [24] | China | Retrospective, single-center cohort study | 84 | NS | 42 (50.0%) | 500 | NS | 235 (47.0%) |
| Soliman A. et al. [25] | Qatar | Retrospective study | 56 | 52.1 ± 12.67 | NS | 243 | 36.22 ± 11.43 | NS |
| Wu D. et al. [26] | China | Retrospective study | 16 | 43.5 ± 17.8 | 8 (50.0%) | 47 | 51.0 ± 12.6 | 25 (53.1%) |
| Wu J. et al. [27] | China | Retrospective study | 22 | 52.55 ± 13.70 | 16 (72.73) | 44 | 47.98 ± 15.11 | 28 (63.64%) |
| Xu Z. et al. [28] | China | Retrospective study | 114 | 65.5 ± 2.7 | 62 (54.4%) | 250 | 63.3 ± 3.5 | 144 (57.6%) |
| Zhang Y. et al. [29]a | China | Retrospective study | 63 | 64.5 ± 4.0 | 38 (60.3%) | 195 | 63.3 ± 2.5 | 100 (51.3%) |
| Zhang Y. et al. [30]b | China | Retrospective study | 61 | 65.6 ± 11.4 | 33 (54.1%) | 84 | 59.4 ± 16.0 | 41 (48.8%) |
| Summary characteristics | 3671 | 66.9 ± 12.5 | 1898/3614 (52.5%) | 6917 | 67.5 ± 17.5 | 3471/6663 (52.1%) | ||
DM Diabetes mellitus; NS Not specified