Box 2:
Major cytokine-based subsets of T cells and macrophages
| CD4+ T cell subsets | ||
|---|---|---|
| Positive | Negative | |
| Th1 | IFNγ, IL2, TNFα | IL4 |
| Th2 | IL4, IL5, IL9, IL10, IL13, TNFα | IFNγ |
| Treg | IL4, IL10, TGFβ | |
| Th9 | IL9 | |
| Th17 | IL9, IL17, IL21, IL22 | IL4, IFNγ |
| Th22 | IL22 | IL4, IFNγ, IL9, IL17 |
| CD8+ T cell subsets | ||
| Tc1 | IFNγ, IL2,TNFα | IL4, IL5 |
| Tc2 | IL5, IL13 | IFNγ |
| Treg | IL10, TGFβ | |
| Tc9 | IL9, IL10 | |
| Tc17 | IL17, IL21 | |
| Macrophages | ||
| M1 | TNFα, IL1β, IL6, IL12, IL23, IL-27 | |
| M2a | IL10, TGFβ | |
| M2b | TNFα, IL1β, IL6, IL10 | |
| M2c | IL10, TGFβ | |
| M2d | IL10 | |
Overview of the major subsets of CD3+ T cells and macrophages based on cytokine production based on references [74] and [75]. There are additional subsets of T cells, including γδ T cells and T cell subsets can be further divided on the basis of e.g. their function as memory, effector or effector memory T cells, but this is beyond the scope.