Table 1:
Survey of techniques used to analyze properties of SPs formed on dental biomaterials and dental hard tissues.
| Major Technique | Saliva Source | Fluid Flow? | Substrate | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RIfS | Collected Saliva | Injected | Titanium dioxide, DC-PEG, Laminin, and EGF coated glass | [70] |
| UPLC flight MS | Collected Saliva | Agitation | PMMA | [71] |
| SDS-Page | Collected Saliva and In Vivo | Rotating and In Vivo | HA and In Vivo | [72] |
| TEM and SDS-PAGE | In Vivo | Intra-Oral Appliance | Bovine Enamel | [35] |
| Assorted Colorimetric Assays | In Vivo | Intra-Oral Appliance | PMMA | [48] |
| QCM | Collected Saliva | Flow Across QCM | Ti and Fn bound to Ti | [73] |
| SDS-Page and AFM | Collected Saliva | None | Human enamel | [74] |
| SDS-Page and Western Blots | Collected Saliva | None | Stainless steel orthodontic bracket, bonding resin, and elastomeric ligature ring | [62] |
| CLSM | In Vivo | Intra-Oral Appliance | Bovine Enamel | [75] |
| TEM | In Vivo | Intra-Oral Appliance | Bovine Enamel | [26] |
| Immunofluorescence and Immunoelectrophoresis | In Vivo | Intra-Oral Appliance | Bovine Enamel | [76] |
| TEM | In Vivo | Intra-Oral Appliance | Array of dental biomaterials including composite resins, amalgams and PMMA. | [28] |
| QCM | Collected Saliva | Flow Across QCM | Ti and Anatase | [77] |
| LC-ESI-MS/MS | In Vivo | In Vivo | In Vivo | [78] |
| 2D-Electrophoresis and LC-MS/MS | Collected Saliva | Rocking | Ti | [79] |
| LC-ESI-MS/MS and SDS-PAGE | In Vivo | In Vivo | In Vivo | [80] |
| TEM and Gold Immunolabeling | In Vivo | Intra-Oral Appliance | Bovine Enamel | [81] |
| TEM, SEM, and Gold Immunolabeling | In Vivo | Intra-Oral Appliance | Bovine Enamel | [82] |
| TEM and gold immunolabeling and SEM | Collected Saliva | Rotary Shaker | HA and Bovine Enamel | [83] |
| Ellipsometry | Collected Saliva | None | HA | [83] |
| Ellipsometry and AFM | Collected Saliva | None | Silica | [84] |
| GLC | In Vivo | In Vivo | PMMA and In Vivo | [47] |
| SEM | Artificial saliva | None | Dental Composites | [85] |
| AFM | In Vivo | Intra-Oral Appliance | Mica, Silicon, and Graphite | [86] |
| 2D-Electrophoresis | Collected Saliva | Shaking | Ti, Extracted Enamel, and PMMA | [49] |
| FFS | Collected Saliva | None | Silica | [87] |
| AFM and FFS | Collected Saliva | None | Silica | [88] |
| SDS-PAGE | Collected Saliva | Rocking | Glass Ionomer | [54] |
| Fluorescent immunolabeling | In Vivo | Intra-Oral Appliance | Bovine Enamel | [89] |
| nLC- ESI-MS/MS and XPS | Collected Saliva | None | Ti and other implant treatments | [58] |
| QCM-D | Collected Saliva | Flow Across QCM-D | Gold, stainless steel, alumina and zirconia | [63] |
RIfS: reflectometric interference spectroscopy, UPLC flight MS: ultra performance liquid chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry, SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, TEM: transmission electron microscopy, QCM: quartz crystal microbalance, AFM: atomic force microscopy, CLSM: confocal laser scanning microscopy, LC-ESI-MS/MS: liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, SEM: scanning electron microscopy, GLC: gas-liquid chromatography, FFS: friction force spectroscopy, QCM-D: quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, DC-PEG: dicarboxypolyethylene glycol, EGF: epidermal growth factor, PMMA: polymethyl methacrylate, HA: hydroxyapatite, FN: fibronectin, Ti: titanium, nLC- ESI-MS/MS: nano liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, XPS: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.