Table 1:

Characteristics of patients undergoing immediate surgery for hemorrhage control before and after implementation of a dedicated, trauma hybrid operating room (OR).

Patient characteristics	Control cases (n=106)	Hybrid OR cases (n=186)	P
Age	40 [26–52]	41 [27–61]	0.176
Female	22 (21%)	52 (28%)	0.208
Injury Severity Score	18 [13–27]	22 [13–29]	0.187
Blunt injury	63 (59%)	119 (64%)	0.454
Penetrating injury	43 (41%)	67 (36%)	0.454
Traumatic arrest in field or EDa	1 (1%)	7 (4%)	0.266
Intubated in field or ED	37 (35%)	66 (35%)	>0.999
Glasgow Coma Scale	15 [3–15]	15 [7–15]	0.662
Best eye opening response	4 [1–4]	4 [1–4]	0.230
Best verbal response	5 [1–5]	5 [1–5]	0.689
Best motor response	6 [1–6]	6 [4–6]	0.474
Heart rate	107 [90–124]	110 [93–128]	0.464
Respiratory Rate	18 [15–22]	20 [17–24]	0.008
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	95 [84–111]	95 [86–109]	0.886
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)	70 [61–82]	71 [61–83]	0.990
FAST performed	80 (75%)	154 (83%)	0.169
FAST negative	40 (38%)	73 (39%)	0.804
FAST equivocal	5 (5%)	10 (5%)	>0.999
FAST positive	35 (33%)	71 (38%)	0.448
Temperature (Celsius)	36.3 [35.3–36.8]	36.3 [35.7–36.7]	0.513
pH	7.29 [7.21–7.35]	7.28 [7.19–7.34]	0.230
Lactic acid (mmol/L)	3.1 [2.0–4.7]	3.4 [1.9–5.4]	0.666
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	11.1 [10.0–13.0]	10.2 [9.0–11.7]	0.001
International Normalized Ratio	1.3 [1.1–1.4]	1.2 [1.1–1.3]	0.087
Had a rapid TEG	52 (49%)	72 (39%)	0.109
Had a regular TEG	56 (53%)	128 (69%)	0.008
Reaction time (min)	3.2 [2.6–4.4]	3.7 [2.9–4.4]	0.072
Alpha angle (degrees)	68.8 [60.1–73.2]	68.5 [62.3–72.5]	0.974
K time (min)	1.5 [1.2–2.5]	1.6 [1.2–2.2]	0.955
Maximum amplitude (mm)	59.2 [51.4–63.3]	59.3 [52.3–63.0]	0.884
Clot stability (Kdynes/cm2)	7.29 [5.74–8.33]	7.29 [5.77–8.29]	>0.999

^aThese cases are traumatic arrests following penetrating trauma, as blunt traumatic arrests were excluded. ED: emergency department, FAST: focused assessment with sonography for trauma, TEG: thromboelastograph. Data are presented as n (%) or median [interquartile range].