Table 1.
The information of data extraction of the included studies.
| References | Species | Age of animals orpatients | Weight of animals or patients | Type of scafford | Biological intervention | Group | Defect parts | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human studies | Mochizuki and Ochi, 2015 | Human | 65.5 years (range: 57–77 years) old | N/A | PGA sheet | None | PGA group (n = 30); PG group (n = 32); | N/A |
| Petruskevicius et al., 2002 | Human | 19–44 years | N/A | Osteoset | None | Osteoset group (n = 10); Control group (n = 10) | Tibia | |
| Animal studies | Chen C. et al., 2019 | Rabbit | Adult | 2.00–2.20 kg | PLGA fibrous scaffold | BMP-12 | Control group (n = 8); Lenti-BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins)-12 group (n = 8) | Supraspinatus tendon |
| Learn et al., 2019 | New Zealand rabbit | 8–13 months old | 3–5 kg | Electrochemically aligned collagen (ELAC) | MSC | Direct repair (n = 5); Scaffold-alone (n = 5); Cell-seeded scaffold repair (n = 5) | Infraspinatus tendon in the right shoulder | |
| Zhu M. et al., 2019 | Sprague-Dawley rat | ≥12 weeks old | ≥350 g | Synthetic collagen | None | Sham surgery group (n = 6); Unaugmented control group (n = 20); Intervention group (n = 20) | Supraspinatus tendon | |
| Han F. et al., 2019 | New Zealand rabbit | 12 weeks old | 2.4 ± 0.3 kg | PCL scaffold | BMP-2; SDF-1α | PCL group (n = 6); B@P group (PCL scaffold loaded with BMP-2) (n = 6); S + B@P (PCL scaffold loaded with BMP-2 and SDF-1α) (n = 6) | Anterior cruciate ligament of the right knee joint | |
| Zhu Q. et al., 2019 | Sprague-Dawley rat | 2 months old | 400–500 g | PCL fibrous membranes with aligned nanofibers | KGN | Control group (n = 45); PCL group (n = 45); KGN-PCL group (PCL scaffold loaded with KGN)(n = 45) | Supraspinatus tendon (superior of the scapula) | |
| Zhang et al., 2018 | Mature female Sprague-Dawley rats | N/A | 200–220 g | PLLA aligned fiber (A-TSA) scaffold | Trichostatin A | A-TSA group (n = 7) A groups (n = 7) R-TSA group (n = 7) R group (n = 7) | Achilles tendon | |
| Cai et al., 2018 | New Zealand rabbit | 6–8 months old | 2.8–3.2 kg | SF/P(LLA-CL) nanofibrous scaffolds using silk fibroin (SF)-blended poly(L-lactic acid-co-e-caprolactone) (PLLA-CL) | None | Random scaffold (RS) (n = 30); Dual-layer aligned-random nanofibrous scaffolds(ARS) (n = 30); Control groups (n = 30) | Achilles tendon of one hindlimb | |
| Hu et al., 2018 | New Zealand rabbit | N/A | 2.5–3.0 kg | Collage-silk; SDF-1-releasing collagen-silk (CSF) scaffold | SDF-1; LSPCs | CS (collage-silk) (n = 10); CSL (collage-silk with LSPCs injection) (n = 15); CSF (collage-silk-SDF-1) (n = 10); CSFL (collage-silk-SDF-1 with LSPCs injection) (n = 15); | Anterior cruciate ligament of the right knee joint | |
| Li et al., 2017 | New Zealand rabbit | 6–8 months old | 2.8–3.5 kg | Simplex fibrous membrane of PLLA; Dual-layer organic/inorganic flexible bipolar fibrous membrane (nHA-PLLA) | None | Control group (n = 48); Simplex fibrous membrane of PLLA (SFM) group (n = 48); dual-layer organic/inorganic flexible bipolar fibrous membrane (BFM) group (n = 48) | Supraspinatus tendon | |
| Chung et al., 2017 | New Zealand rabbit | 6–7 months old | 3.2–3.5 kg | A biodegradable and synthetic tri-component graft consisting of porous poly(1,8-octanediol-co-citric acid)–hydroxyapatite nanocomposites (POC–HA) and poly(l-lactide) (PLL) braids | None | Reconstructed animals (n = 3); Non-operated control animals (n = 3) | Anterior cruciate ligament of the right knee joint | |
| Lee et al., 2017 | New Zealand rabbit | Adult | 3.0–3.5 kg | Recombinant human rhBMP-2-containing collagen gel | rhBMP-2 | Saline only (control) (n = 12); Collagen gel without rhBMP-2 (n = 12); rhBMP-2-conjugated collagen gel (n = 12) | Long digital extensor tendon | |
| Chou et al., 2016 | New Zealand rabbit | Adult | 3.3 ± 0.7 kg | PLA; PLGA/collagen nanofibrous membrane | None | Control (n = 24); PLGA/collagen nanofibrous membrane (n = 24) | Long digital extensor tendon | |
| Han et al., 2015 | New Zealand rabbits | 12 weeks old | 2.4 ± 0.3 kg | A biomimetic nanofiber membrane of polycaprolactone/ nanohydroxyapatite/collagen (PCL/nHAp/Col) | None | PCL/nHAp/Col group (n = 6); PCL group (n = 6) | Anterior cruciate ligament of the right knee joint | |
| Bi et al., 2015 | New Zealand rabbit | 13 weeks old | 2.5–3.0 kg | Silk-collagen scaffold | None | Scaffold group (n = 20); Autograft group (n = 20) | Anterior cruciate ligament of the right knee joint | |
| Kovacevic et al., 2015 | Sprague-Dawley rat | N/A | N/A | Collagen scaffold | PDGF | Control (n = 19); Scaffold only (n = 19); Three PDGF doses (30 μg/mol/L, 100 μg/mol/L, 300 μg/mol/L) on the collagen scaffold (n = 19) | Supraspinatus tendon | |
| Zhao et al., 2015a | Sprague-Dawley rat | N/A | 350–400 g | PCL scaffold; Scaffold composed of microfibers of PCL and nanofibers of CS | None | Transosseous repair (n = 48); PCL scaffolds (n = 48) PCL-CS scaffolds (n = 48) | Left supraspinatus tendon | |
| Zhao et al., 2015b | Sprague-Dawley rat | N/A | 350–401 g | PLLA fibrous membranes; Gelatin-PLLA | None | Transosseous repair (n = 48); PLLA membranes (n = 48); Gelatin-PLLA membranes (n = 48) | Left supraspinatus tendon | |
| Li et al., 2014 | Pig | 3 months old | 47 and 52 kg | Silk–TCP–PEEK scaffold of silk, TCP, and PEEK | None | N/A | Anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint | |
| Jiang et al., 2014 | New Zealand rabbit | Adult | 2.8 ± 0.5 kg | PET | None | PET group (n = 24); PET + SF group (SF-coating group) (n = 24); PET + SF + HAP group (combined HAP- and SF-coating group) (n = 24) | Proximal tibial metaphysis | |
| Zhao et al., 2014 | Sprague-Dawley rat | N/A | 350–400 g | PLGA membranes | bFGF | Transosseous repair (n = 48); PLGA membranes (n = 48); bFGF–PLGA membranes (n = 48) | Left supraspinatus tendon | |
| Loeffler et al., 2013 | Lewis rat | N/A | 13.8 weeks ± 2/7 | Sponge | Cultured cells from the tendon-to-bone interface | Group I (control without surgery); Group II (surgical defect in the rotator cuff only); Group III (surgical defect with suture repair only); Group IV (surgical defect and repair with sponge only); Group V (surgical defect and repair with sponge loaded with cells) | Supraspinatus tendon | |
| Vavken et al., 2012 | Yorkshire pig | 11.8 ± 0.4 weeks old | 30 ± 1.1 kg | Collagen Scaffold | Platelet | ACL reconstruction (n = 8); Enhanced ACL repair (n = 8); ACL transection (n = 8); | Anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint | |
| Li et al., 2012 | New Zealand rabbit | Adult | N/A | PET artificial ligament | None | Control group; LBL group | Anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint | |
| Zhang et al., 2011 | New Zealand rabbit | 22 weeks old | 2.7 ± 0.2 kg | Fibrin glue-BMP | BMP | Control group (n = 17); Fibrin glue-BMP group (n = 17); RBX (recombined bone xenograft) group (n = 17) | Long digital extensor tendon | |
| Fleming et al., 2009 | Yorkshire pig | N/A | 30 kg | Collagen-platelet composite (CPC) | None | Control group (n = 7); Experimental Group (n = 7) | Anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint |
PGA, polyglycolic acid; BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; PCL, polycaprolactone; SDF, stromal cell-derived factor; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; PLLA, poly l-lactide; TCP, tricalcium phosphate; ELAC, electrochemically aligned collagen; PLA, polylactic acid; SF, silk fibroin; PLGA, poly lactide-co-glycolide; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; KGN, kartogenin; LSPCs, ligament-derived stem/progenitor cells; CS, chitosan; PET, polyethylene terephthalate; PEEK, polyether ether ketone; ACL, anterior cruciate ligament; HAp/HA, hydroxyapatite.