TABLE 2.
Autonomic regulation during real and simulated tennis practice after traditional and combined training interventions with exergame at baseline and post intervention in children.
|
BDC |
POST |
FU |
||||||||||||
| Groups | Resting | Virtual Tennis | Real Tennis | p-value | Resting | Virtual Tennis. | Real Tennis | Resting | Virtual env. | Real env. | Ptime × group (η2) | Pcondition × time (η2) | Pcondition × time × group (η2) | |
| HR (beats per minute) | EG2 | 91.66 | 121.13.5 | 122.63.4 | 0.238 | 89.93.3 | 128.82.9 | 1293.5 | 89.43 | 127.64.1 | 1302.3 | <0.001 (0.248) | <0.001 (0.442) | 0.201 |
| EG1 | 91.84.7 | 123.74.8 | 1234.3 | 0.894 | 90.74.7 | 127.94.6 | 127.84.6 | 88.52.2 | 125.13.1 | 128.72.7 | ||||
| CG2 | 93.55.1 | 120.36.9 | 123.16.5 | 0.004* | 913.5 | 121.75 | 129.15.2 | 90.32.4 | 1243.5 | 130.71.9 | ||||
| CG1 | 93.13.7 | 121.56 | 122.56.6 | 0.221 | 89.93.3 | 120.95.1 | 127.95.9 | 88.42.4 | 121.82.1 | 128.22.6 | ||||
| p-value (groups) | 0.622 | 0.661 | 0.926 | 0.671 | <0.001* | 0.709 | 0.219 | 0.001* | 0.045 | |||||
| SC (μS) | EG2 | 2.80.9 | 7.61.4 | 5.81.3 | 0.012* | 2.50.5 | 5.61.2 | 6.51.1 | 2.50.6 | 5.11.1 | 6.11.2 | 0.007 (170) | <0.001 (0.215) | 0.007 (138) |
| EG1 | 2.81.1 | 7.31.1 | 5.51.1 | < 0.001* | 2.40.6 | 6.31.2 | 5.91.2 | 2.40.6 | 6.11.1 | 5.60.9 | ||||
| CG2 | 2.50.5 | 7.61.2 | 5.31.1 | < 0.001* | 2.40.7 | 7.21.1 | 5.90.9 | 2.30.5 | 6.41.3 | 5.90.8 | ||||
| CG1 | 3.21 | 6.81.3 | 5.61.2 | 0.003* | 2.50.5 | 7.11 | 6.11.2 | 2.40.6 | 6.90.8 | 60.8 | ||||
| p-value (groups) | 0.202 | 0.323 | 0.846 | 0.895 | 0.001* | 0.564 | 0.788 | 0.001* | 0.490 | |||||
| ST (°C) | EG2 | 25.71.4 | 282.2 | 29.31.7 | 0.092 | 25.13.2 | 30.92.5 | 29.61.8 | 24.81.1 | 31.11.8 | 30.31.7 | 0.437 | <0.001 (0.216) | 0.180 |
| EG1 | 251.3 | 28.41.2 | 29.41.5 | 0.025* | 24.82.1 | 30.11.9 | 29.51.3 | 24.80.9 | 30.11.2 | 29.42.5 | ||||
| CG2 | 25.82.1 | 28.41.8 | 27.81.5 | 0.481 | 26.42.5 | 30.62.3 | 29.81.9 | 25.41.2 | 31.11.4 | 30.32.1 | ||||
| CG1 | 25.81.7 | 28.61.9 | 27.91.8 | 0.279 | 24.82.9 | 29.62.6 | 302.3 | 24.21.5 | 29.91.2 | 29.42.5 | ||||
| p-value (groups) | 0.384 | 0.784 | 0.035 | 0.480 | 0.599 | 0.904 | 0.108 | 0.071 | 0.594 | |||||
| BF (breaths per minute) | EG2 | 22.52.9 | 26.81.7 | 26.41.9 | 0.643 | 21.31.2 | 32.51.8 | 32.21.9 | 22.41.1 | 31.21.6 | 33.31.3 | <0.001 (0.346) | <0.001 (0.584) | <0.001 (0.208) |
| EG1 | 21.72.6 | 25.91.8 | 26.31.2 | 0.497 | 21.41.7 | 31.11.9 | 31.11.8 | 21.31.9 | 29.71.4 | 32.11.9 | ||||
| CG2 | 20.62.2 | 26.21.8 | 26.11.3 | 0.980 | 21.11.6 | 27.21.7 | 32.22.1 | 20.81.7 | 27.51.8 | 33.41.8 | ||||
| CG1 | 21.82.7 | 25.52.1 | 26.82.2 | 0.017* | 21.41.4 | 26.21.1 | 311.9 | 21.21.4 | 26.30.9 | 322.3 | ||||
| p-value (groups) | 0.414 | 0.594 | 0.410 | 0.806 | <0.001* | 0.236 | 0.100 | <0.001* | 0.138 | |||||
EG2 – group with 2 exergame and 2 regular tennis trainings/week; EG1 – group with 1 exergame and 1 regular tennis trainings/week; CG2 – group 2 regular tennis trainings/week; CG1 – group with 1 regular tennis training/week. BDC – baseline; POST – post intervention; FU – follow-up after 1 year; HR = heart rate; SC = skin conductance; ST = skin temperature; BF = breathing frequency. *p < 0.05.