Skip to main content
. 2021 Mar 15;12:642038. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642038

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The impact of pregnancy on the activation of pro-inflammatory memory Th cells. (A) Representative FACS plot displaying CD38 and HLA-DR co-expression on memory Th cells in paired third trimester and postpartum blood. (B,C) CD38+HLA-DR+ frequencies within the memory Th pool between paired third trimester and postpartum blood per group and per period between groups (HC, n = 12; MS-NR and n = 13 and MS-R, n = 6). (D) IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-17A, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF production (pg/ml) by PMA/ionomycin-stimulated memory Th cells of third trimester and postpartum blood. Cytokines were measured in the culture supernatants and determined by Luminex (HC, n = 7; MS-NR, n = 6, and MS-R, n = 6). Data were compared using GLMM with FDR-BH correction and Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's multiple comparison tests. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. “HC” = healthy controls, “MS-NR” = MS patients without a postpartum relapse, “MS-R” = MS patients with a postpartum relapse, “C” = cells.