Table 3.

Registered clinical trials of sVE-related cancer therapies.

Disease	Drug	EV source	Phase, status	Registration number
Metastatic pancreatic cancer	KRAS c G12D siRNA	MSC d -derived sEVs	Phase I Recruiting	NCT03608631 a
Malignant pleural effusion	Methotrexate	Microparticles	N/A Recruiting	NCT04131231 a
	Methotrexate	Autologous tumor-derived microparticles	Phase II Recruiting	NCT02657460 a
	Chemotherapeutic drugs	Tumor cell-derived microparticles	Phase II Unknown	NCT01854866 a
Head and neck cancer	Grape extract	Plant sEVs	Phase I Active, not recruiting	NCT01668849 a
	Hemopurifier pembrolizumab	Blood-derived sEVs	N/A Not yet recruiting	NCT04453046 a
Colorectal cancer	Curcumin	Plant sEVs	Phase I Active, not recruiting	NCT01294072 a
Non-small cell lung cancer	Antigens	Tumor DEV2 e	Phase II Completed	NCT01159288 a
Hepatocellular carcinoma	DC-derived vaccine	Hepatic liver cells or other solid tumor cells	Phase I and II Not yet recruiting	ChiCTR1800020076 b

^aThe NCT# refers to a registered National Clinical Trial (NCT), which can be found at Clinicaltrials.gov.

^bChiCTR# refers to a registered Chinese Clinical Trial (CHiCT), which can be found at Chictr.org.cn.

^cKirsten Rat Sarcoma (KRAS).

^dMesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC).

^eDendritic Cell-Derived sEVs (DEV).