Table 1.

Differential expression of miRNA in IPF

No.	Region	Sample	Target miRNA	Subjects (n)	Function	Ref.
1	Germany	Human lung tissues	Lethal 7d (MIRLET7D)	Control = 5	Treatment	[47]
				IPF = 10
2	Belgium	Human lung tissues	ME1-16	Control = 108	Treatment	[48]
				IPF = 160
3	China	BAL	microRNA‑30a	Control = 16	Treatment	[49]
				IPF = 30
4	China	Human plasma	miR‑324‑5p miR‑630	Control = 10	Treatment	[17]
				IPF = 10
5	Belgium	Human sputum	miR-142-3p	Control = 14	Diagnosis	[18]
				IPF = 16
6	China	Human lung tissues	miR-409-5p has-miR-376c	Control = 25	Treatment	[50]
				IPF = 23	Diagnosis
7	China	Human blood	miR-708-3p	Control = 78	Treatment	[15]
				IPF = 78
8	Mexico	Fibrotic primary fibroblast cells	miRNA-21	Control = 6	Treatment	[51]
				IPF = 6	Diagnosis
9	Greece	BAL	miR-185 miR-29a	IPF = 57	Treatment	[21]
				LC = 32
10	China	Rat lung tissues	miR-541-5p	Rat	Treatment	[23]
11	California	Mouse lung tissues	miRNA-29c	Control = 4	Treatment	[14]
		Human lungs tissues		IPF = 7
12	China	Human blood	miR-30a	Control = 46	Treatment	[52]
				IPF = 46
13	Texas	Alveolar epithelial cells	miR-34a	Cells	Treatment	[53]
14	China	Rat pleural mesothelial cells	miR-18a-5p	Cells	Treatment	[24]
15	China	Lung resident mesenchymal stem cells	miR-497-5p	Cells	Treatment	[54]
16	Birmingham	Mice lung tissues	miR-34a	Mice	Treatment	[55,56]
17	USA	Bronchial epithelia	miR-323a-3p	Lung transplant patients = 11	Treatment	[22]
				Lung transplant patients with BOS = 7
18	China	Plasma	miR-25-3p let-7d-5p	AE-IPF = 3	Diagnosis	[57]
				S-IPF = 3
				Control = 3
19	China	Mice lung tissues	miR-29b	Mice	Treatment	[58]
20	Japan	Human serum	miR-21-5p	Control = 21	Prognosis	[59]
				IPF = 41
21	Italy	Human lung tissues	miR-200	Control = 34	Diagnosis	[60]
				IPF = 34
22	China	Human lung tissues	miR‑221	Control = 10	Treatment	[61]
				IPF = 10
23	Japan	Human lung tissues	miR-29a	Control = 17	Treatment	[62]
				LC with IPF = 8	Diagnosis
24	China	Lung resident mesenchymal stem cells	miR-877-3p	Cells	Treatment	[20]
25	Indiana	Human lung tissues	miR-185 miR-186	Control = 15	Treatment	[63]
				IPF = 15
26	China	Human lung tissues	miR-130b-3p	Control = 3	Treatment	[29]
				IPF = 4
27	China	Human lung tissues	miR-26a	NM	Treatment	[64]
28	Birmingham	Human lung fibroblasts	miR-27a-3p	Cells	Treatment	[13]

LC: lung cancer; BOS: bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome; AE-IPF: acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; S-IPF: stable of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; NM: not mentioned.