Table 3.
Plasma proteins that interact with PS ASOs
| Protein | pI | Plasma Conc. (μM) | Kd (μM) | Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum Albumin | 4.8 | 600 | 12.7 | Carrier of acidic/neutral/lipophilic molecules, control of osmolality |
| IgG | 6.6–7.2 | 75 | 1.6 | Antibody, humoral immunity |
| Apolipoprotein A-I | 5.6 | 40 | 5.3 | Lipoparticle, heparan binding protein (HBP) |
| Apolipoprotein A-II | 5.7 | 24 | >500 | Lipoparticle, HBP |
| Complement Factor C3 | 6.0 | 20 | 0.5 | Innate immunity, HBP |
| Transferrin | 5.6 | 12 | 7.0 | Iron transport |
| α-1 Antitrypsin | 4 | 11 | >100 | Protease inhibitor |
| Haptoglobin | 5.6 | 11 | 54.7 | Free plasma Hb binding |
| Hemopexin | 8.5 | 9.9 | 13.9 | Heme scavenger |
| Fibrinogen | 5.5 | 9 | 0.87 | Blood clotting, HBP |
| α-2-Macroglobulin | 6.5 | 6 | 0.05 | Protease inhibitor |
| Prealbumin/TTR | 4.6 | 6 | 132 | Transport of thyroxin and retinol |
| Antithrombin III | 4.9–5.3 | 3.5 | 8.7 | Inactivates coagulation enzymes, HBP |
| α-1-Antichymotrypsin | 6.0 | 3.3 | 21.3 | Serine protease inhibitor |
| β-2-Glycoprotein | 9.1 | 2.7 | 57.1 | Binds cardiolipin, anticoagulant |
| Ceruloplasmin | 5.4 | 2 | 22.6 | Copper carrier protein |
| α-1 Acid Glycoprotein | 2.7 | 1.7 | >500 | Carrier of basic/neutral lipophilic molecules, acute-phase protein (APP) |
| Complement Component C1q | NA | 1.6 | 3.4 | Immunoglobulin binding protein |
| Complement Factor C4 | 6.6 | 1.4 | 0.43 | Innate immunity, HBP |
| Histidine-rich glycoprotein | 6.5 | 1.3 | 0.009 | Immunity, vascularization, coagulation, HBP, APP |
| Plasminogen | 6.2 | 1.2 | 2.1 | Dissolves fibrin blood clots |
| Fibronectin | 5.5–6.0 | 0.9 | 0.54 | Cell adhesion, hemostasis, HBP |
| ApoB100 | 6.6 | 0.7 | >10 | Lipoparticle, HBP |
| Factor H | 6.2 | 0.6 | 0.5 | Regulates alternative complement pathway |
| Apolipoprotein E | 5.4 | 0.5 | 0.027 | Chylomicrons, lipoparticle, HBP |
| Factor V | 5.7 | 0.02 | 0.032 | Coagulation, cofactor |
Adapted from ref (84).