Figure 2.

(A) Simultaneous pressure recording of left ventricle (blue) and aortic (red) pressure in a 70 kg Landrace pig with experimentally induced ischaemic cardiogenic shock supported by Impella CP and low-dose norepinephrine. Preload reduction was performed by inferior vena cava occlusion with resultant uncoupling of left ventricle and aortic pressure but maintenance of aortic pressure. (B) Corresponding pressure–volume trace from the left ventricle, demonstrating a marked reduction in pressure–volume area despite maintenance of aortic pressure. Adapted from ref.⁸