Table 1.

List of lncRNAs involved in splicing regulation.

LncRNA Name	Splicing Target	Splicing Mechanism	Regulatory Effect or Associated Disease	Ref
LncRNAs regulating AS by chromatin modifications
asFGFR2	FGFR2	Recruiting Polycomb complexes and KDM2a to modify histone methylation and favor exon IIIb inclusion	Epithelial development	[23]
Antisense transcripts at each Pcdhα first exon	Pcdhα	First exon selection by histone modifications and distant DNA loop	Neuronal self-identity	[31]
LncRNAs regulate AS through DNA-RNA interactions
SEP3 exon6 circRNA (plant)	SEP3	Exon skipping through R-loop formation at exon 6	Flowering time	[44]
LncRNAs regulate AS through RNA-RNA interactions
NCYM NAT	NMYC	Intron I retention via antisense-sense RNA-RNA duplex	Cancer	[57]
NR1D1	THRA	Favoring α1 isoform by forming antisense-sense RNA-RNA duplex with the α2 mRNA	Thyroid hormone-responsiveness	[58,59]
SAF	FAS	Exon 6 skipping by forming RNA-RNA duplex with the target pre-mRNA and recruiting SPF45	Cancer Apoptosis	[60]
ZEB2 NAT	ZEB2	Preventing splicing of the IRES-containing intron through RNA-RNA interaction with the mRNA	EMT	[61]
51A	SORL1	Splicing shift from A to variant B by antisense-sense RNA-RNA duplex with an intronic sequence of the pre-mRNA	Alzheimer	[67]
17A	GPR51	Splicing shift from full-length to shorter GABAB R2 variant by antisense-sense RNA-RNA duplex	Alzheimer	[68]
LncRNAs regulate AS by modulating the activity of splicing factors
MALAT1/NEAT2		Modulation of SR localization and phosphorylation Uncoupling PTBP2 from SFPQ-PTBP2	Cancer	[73,88]
NEAT1	PPARγ	By interacting with CLK1 kinase to modulate SRp40 phosphorylation status	Adipocyte differentiation	[71,89,90]
Gomafu/RNCR2/ MIAT		Interaction with QKI and SRSF1 Association with SF1 Localization of SF1 and Clf3 in CS bodies	Schizophrenia Retinal cell and brain development Post-mitotic neuronal function	[97,98,99,100]
LINC01133		Interaction and titration of SRSF6 splicing factor from target genes	EMT	[101]
PNCTR		Hijacking PTBP1 in the perinucleolar compartment	Cell survival	[102]
TPM1-AS	TPM1	Splicing shift to V1 or V3 isoforms by sequestering RBM4	Cancer	[107]
ASCO (plant)		Association with SmD1b and PRP8a and hijacking NSRa/b from the spliceosome	Lateral root formation	[109,110]
ENOD40 (plant)		Control nucleocytoplasmic of MtRBP1	Symbiotic nodule development	[111,112]
PCGEM1		Mutual bond with either hnRNP A1 or U2AF65 to promote or suppress specific AR splice variants	Castration resistance	[113]
BC200	BCL-x	Interaction with pre-mRNA and recruitment of the hnRNP A2/B1 which prevent Sam68 association	Apoptosis	[115,117]
Lnc-Spry1		Interaction with U2AF65	EMT	[118]
LASTR		Promoting splicing efficiency by interacting with SART3	Stress-induced JNK/c-JUN pathway	[119]
LINC-HELLP		Interaction with ribosomal and splicing complex components (eg: YBX1, PCBP1, PCBP2, RPS6 and RPL7)	HELLP syndrome	[120]
DSCAM-AS1		Exon skipping and 3′ UTR usage by interaction with hnRNPL	Tumor progression and anti-estrogen resistance	[121]
CircMbl	Mbl	Competing with the linear cognate by sequestering Mbl protein	Neuron Development	[123]
CircSMARCA5		Interaction with SRSF1 and promotion of the anti-angiogenic splicing isoforms of VEGF-A	Angiogenesis	[124]
PNUTS	PNUTS	Self-splicing regulation modulating the activity of hnRNP E1	EMT	[126]