TABLE IV.
Patient-reported barriers to asthma medication adherence categorized by the Theoretical Domains Framework
| Domains | Total N = 47 | Australia N = 824–31 | Brazil N = 132 | Canada N = 433–36 | Denmark N = 137 | India N = 138 | Ireland N = 139 | The Netherlands N = 340–42 | Sweden N = 243,44 | United Kingdom N = 845–52 | United States N = 1753–69 | Spain, France, and United Kingdom N = 170 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Knowledge | 27 (57.4%) | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 9 | - |
| Skills | 14 (29.8%) | 3 | - | 3 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 2 | 4 | - |
| Identity | 9 (19.1%) | 1 | - | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | - | - |
| Beliefs about capability | 15 (31.9%) | 4 | - | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | - |
| Optimism | 3 (6.4%) | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Beliefs about consequences | 29 (61.7%) | 4 | - | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 1 |
| Reinforcement | 3 (6.4%) | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Intentions | 10 (21.3%) | 1 | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Goals | 1 (2.1%) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Memory, attention, and decision processes | 17 (36.2%) | 3 | 1 | 2 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 8 | 1 |
| Environmental context and resources | 25 (53.2%) | 3 | 1 | 3 | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 11 | - |
| Social influences | 19 (40.4%) | 3 | - | 4 | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | - |
| Emotion | 17 (36.2%) | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 7 | - |
| Behavioral regulation | 16 (34.0%) | 4 | - | 3 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 2 | 5 | - |