N-Trifluoroethyl alkylation and lipidation of 2-liraglutide performs as well as liraglutide at lowering
blood sugar levels in vivo. (a) Measured glucose
levels by tail vein prick for an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
of fasted mice treated intraperitoneally (i.p., dotted line) with
vehicle, GLP1, 2-GLP1, 7-GLP1, liraglutide,
or 2-liraglutide at (1 mg/kg or 0.1 mg/kg as noted).
Glucose bolus was administered orally at time 0 and 240 min (gray,
upward arrow). (b) Average area under the curve (AUC) calculated from
0 to 120 min in part a. (c) Glucose levels 30 min past second glucose
challenge that occurred 5 h after first OGTT. Error represents the
average ± SEM (n = 5). P-values
compared to vehicle: **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.