| Abbreviation | Name |
| DPSC | Dental pulp stem cell |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| BMP | bone morphogenic protein |
| MTA | mineralized trioxide aggregates |
| SHED | stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth |
| SCAP | stem cells from the apical papilla |
| UNLV | University of Nevada, Las Vegas |
| OPRS | Office for the Protection of Research Subjects |
| SDM | School of Dental Medicine |
| DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium |
| FBS | fetal bovine serum |
| rDT | rapid doubling time |
| iDT | intermediate doubling time |
| sDT | slow doubling time |
| PCR | polymerase chain reaction |
| ISCT | International Society for Cellular Therapy |
| MSC | mesenchymal stem cell |
| GAPDH | glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| bFGF | basic fibroblast growth factor |
| FGF | fibroblast growth factor |