Table 3.
Crude and Multivariate Adjusted Prevalence and Prevalence Ratio Estimates of Plasmodium ovale Infections Among Congolese Adults in the Democratic Republic of Congo for 2013
| Crude Prevalence Ratio | Adjusted Prevalence Ratioa | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covariate | Prevalence, % | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 0.51 | (0.35–0.74) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Male | 1.09 | (0.82–1.45) | 2.12 | (1.38–3.26) | 1.89 | (1.25–2.87) |
| P. falciparum infection | ||||||
| No | 0.44 | (0.28–0.69) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 1.55 | (1.19–2.03) | 3.52 | (2.06–5.99) | 2.92 | (1.66–5.12) |
| Urban/rural | ||||||
| Urban | 0.45 | (0.29–0.69) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Rural | 0.98 | (0.74–1.30) | 2.19 | (1.31–3.66) | 1.78 | (1.03–3.07) |
| LLIN use | ||||||
| No | 0.78 | (0.57–1.07) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 0.79 | (0.56–1.13) | 1.02 | (0.63–1.62) | 1.14 | (0.73–1.79) |
| Livestock ownership | ||||||
| No | 0.52 | (0.34–0.79) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 1.07 | (0.80–1.41) | 2.07 | (1.27–3.37) | 1.58 | (0.93–2.67) |
| Wealth | ||||||
| Nonpoor | 0.72 | (0.50–1.03) | Ref. | … | ||
| Poor | 0.90 | (0.64–1.26) | 1.25 | (0.76–2.06) | … | … |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; LLIN, long-lasting insecticidal net; PR, prevalence ratio; Ref., reference level.
aAdjusted for age modelled as a restricted quadratic term, male sex, P. falciparum infection, rural residence, LLIN use, and household livestock ownership.