Table 3.
Some important immunomodulatory pure polysaccharides isolated from Indian medicinal plant.
| Source | Extraction method | Fraction name | Molecular weight (Da) | Monosaccharide composition | Biological agents | Biological activity | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allium cepa | Hot water extract | PS | 1.8 × 105 | D-galactose: 6-O-Me-D-galactose: 3-O-acetyl-D-methyl galacturonate: D-methyl galacturonate = 1:1:1:1 | Pectin | Polysaccharide: macrophage, splenocyte, and thymocyte activations | [51] |
| Aloe vera | Water extract | Acemannan | – | man: glc: gal = 62.9%: 13.1%: 0.6% |
Heteroglycan | Polysaccharide: immunoenhancing | [55] |
| Amorphophallus campanulatus | Hot water extract | PS | 1,80,000 | D-galactose: d-glucose: 4-O-acyl-D-methyl galacturonate: L-arabinose = 2:1:1:1 | Heteroglycan | Polysaccharide: splenocyte proliferation | [46] |
| Caesalpinia bonduc | Alkaline extract | PS-II | 62,000 | glc:ara = 6:7 | Gluco-arabinan | Polysaccharide: splenocyte, thymocyte and macrophage activations | [52] |
| Catharanthus rosea | Hot water extract | PS-I | 2.0 × 105 | 6-O-methyl-glucose: arabinose: rhamnose: methyl galacturonate = 1:2:1:2. | Heteroglycan | Polysaccharide: macrophages, splenocyte and thymocyte activations | [48] |
| Litsea glutinosa | Hot water extract | PS | 1,75,000 | xyl:arab = 1:3 | Arabinoxylan | Polysaccharide: splenocyte, thymocyte and macrophage activations | [53] |
| Moringa oleifera | Hot water extract | – | 70,000 | glc | (1 → 4)-α-D glucan | Polysaccharide: immunoenhancing | [45] |
| Momordica charantia | Hot water extract | PS | 2 × 105 | D-galactose: D-methyl galacturonate = 1:4 | Pectic polysaccharide | Polysaccharide: splenocyte, thymocyte, macrophage activations | [56] |
| Phaseolus vulgaris | Hot water extract | PS-I | 1.8 × 105 | D-galacturonic acid: D-galactose: L-arabinose = 2:2:1 | Heteroglycan | Polysaccharide: splenocyte, thymocyte proliferation | [50] |
| Punica granatum | Water extract | PSP001 | 1.1 × 105 | Galactose, glucose and mannose | Galctomannan | Polysaccharide: growth stimulatory effect | [49] |
| Porphyra vietnamensis | Hot water extract | Porphyran | – | α-L-galactose-6-sulfate | Sulfated polysaccharide | Polysaccharide: immunoenhancing | [54] |
| Solenum melongena | Hot water extract | SMPS | 1.92 × 105 | gal:ara = 3:1 | Heteroglycan | Polysaccharide: splenocyte and thymocyte activations | [47] |