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. 2021 Mar 16;13:92. doi: 10.1007/s40820-021-00622-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 10 — a Schematic illustration of the synthetic process of GDYO@iRBM. GDYO@i-RBM was obtained by coating PEG functionalized GDYO nanosheet with i-RBM, which were extracted from iRGD anchor-modified RBCs followed by extrusion through a porous membrane. b Schematic illustration of the working principles of GDYO@i-RBM. c i-RBM on the surface of GDYO facilitates the accumulation and deep penetration in the tumor. Meanwhile, under 660 nm laser irradiation, O₂ evolution and hyperthermia caused by GDYO can overcome O₂-diffusion-limited and perfusion-limited hypoxia barriers and lead to efficient PDT ablation of tumors. d Schematic illustration showing the evaluation of hypoxia and ¹O₂ levels in tumor, and temperature increase of the tumors upon irradiation. e Hypoxia immunofluorescence and vessel morphometric analyses of tumor slices. The blood vessels and hypoxia regions were stained with anti-CD31 antibody (red) and hypoxia probe (green), respectively. f Representative ROS fluorescence images of tumor slices. g Photos and weight of the tumor tissues obtained on day 22 post-treatment.

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [224]