Fig. 6.

a (i) Synthetic process and action principle of IR780@O₂-FHMON and characterization of FHMON carriers, (ii) In vivo therapeutic scheme of SDT on mice tumor xenograft and Relative pO₂ variation of PANC-1 solid tumor after the first treatment within 24 h, significance was obtained via comparing to control (*, **, and *** represent p < 0.01, 0.005, and 0.001, respectively), as well as pO₂ of PANC-1 solid tumor during the complete SDT experimental period, (iii) LCSM images of nuclei, blood vessels, and hypoxic regions stained by DAPI, hypoxia probe, and CD31 immunochemical methods in PANC-1 solid tumor slices of all groups at day = 28, (iv) time-dependent tumor volume variation of PANC-1 solid tumor treated with the above different groups. Data are presented as the mean value ± SD (n = 6), significance is obtained via comparing to the control group (*p < 0.01, **p < 0.005, and ***p < 0.001), (v) survival rate of tumor-bearing nude mice after treatments with the above different groups during the complete experimental period.

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [151]. b (i) Schematic on the preparation process and enhanced SDT mechanism of Nb₂C/TiO₂/BSO-PVP, (ii) CLSM images and corresponding FCM data of 4T1 cells after different corresponding treatments in G0-G5 and subsequent DCFH-DA staining, (iii) CLSM images of 4T1 cells after different corresponding treatments in G0-G5 and subsequent ThiolTracker Violet dye staining, scale bar = 50 nm, as well as relative intracellular GSH content in 4T1 cells determined by Ellman’s reagent after different corresponding treatments in G0-G5. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3) and *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001, which were obtained using t-student test. Note: G0-G5 represent Control, Nb₂C/TiO₂/BSO-PVP, US, TiO₂-PVP + US, Nb₂C/TiO₂-PVP + US, and Nb₂C/TiO₂/BSO-PVP + US, respectively. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [153]