Table 4.
Demographic Characteristics of 1160 Pregnant Women by Diet Quality in a Study of Prenatal Depression and Diet Quality Conducted in Kaiser Permanente Northern California between 2011-2013.
| Poor Diet Qualitya | Good Diet Qualitya | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | p-valueb | |
| 291 | 869 | ||
| Maternal age (at pregnancy start) | |||
| < 35 years age | 194 (66.7) | 510 (58.7) | 0.044 |
| 35+ years of age | 94 (32.3) | 352 (40.5) | |
| Missing | 3 (1.0) | 7 (0.8) | |
| Marital status | |||
| Single/Divorced/Separated | 14 (4.8) | 26 (3.0) | 0.288 |
| Married/Living with partner | 277 (95.2) | 842 (96.9) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | |
| Maternal Education | |||
| < College | 25 (8.6) | 36 (4.1) | 0.003 |
| College + | 265 (91.1) | 833 (95.9) | |
| Missing | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 156 (53.6) | 475 (54.7) | 0.900 |
| Hispanic | 53 (18.2) | 160 (18.4) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 53 (18.2) | 142 (16.3) | |
| Other/Unknownc | 29 (10.0) | 92 (10.6) | |
| Parity | |||
| 1+ | 182 (62.5) | 550 (63.3) | 0.874 |
| 0 | 109 (37.5) | 319 (36.7) | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI | |||
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 7 (2.4) | 25 (2.9) | 0.006 |
| Normal weight (18.5 - < 25 kg/m2) | 138 (47.4) | 488 (56.2) | |
| Overweight (25 - < 30 kg/m2) | 69 (23.7) | 201 (23.1) | |
| Obese (≥30 kg/m2) | 77 (26.5) | 150 (17.3) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.6) | |
| Alcohol use during pregnancy | |||
| Yes | 59 (20.3) | 181 (20.8) | 0.906 |
| No | 232 (79.7) | 688 (79.2) | |
| Smoking during pregnancy | |||
| Yes | 11 (3.8) | 10 (1.2) | 0.008 |
| No | 280 (96.2) | 859 (98.8) | |
| Prenatal Vitamin Use | |||
| Yes | 277 (95.2) | 852 (98.0) | 0.016 |
| No | 14 (4.8) | 17 (2.0) |
a
Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) score calculated from self-report dietary intake using a modified Block Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Poor quality diet was defined by scores that ranged in the lowest quartile (≤68.3). Good quality diet was defined by scores that ranged in the top three quartiles.
b
Chi-square test p-value.
c
Other/Unknown represents: Non-Hispanic Black, Native American/Alaskan Native, Multiple races, Other, Unknown or Not Reported.