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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 28.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Rev. 2020 Sep 24;120(20):11479–11615. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00523

Figure 119.

Figure 119.

(a) Conjugate additions between n-butanal 7.11 and nitrostyrene 7.12 under different conditions. Under the “dry” conditions, anhydrous reagents and solvents were used in contrast to the standard conditions. (b) Initial rates vs. concentration of 7.11 under various conditions in the conjugate addition of 7.11 to 7.12 (green = standard conditions, red = anhydrous conditions, and blue = 10 mol% excess of water). (c) Influence of water on rates of product formation. Reproduced in part from with permission from ref. 312. Copyright 2010 American Chemical Society.