Table 1.
Baseline socio-demographic characteristics and health outcomes for trans women sex workers and other who do sex work (TWSW/OWSW) compared to those not engaged in sex work, Trans*National, 2016 – 2019 (n = 429)
| TWSW/OWSW |
Not engaged in sex work |
Bivariable baseline comparison |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | %a | N | %a | PRb | 95% CIc | p-value | |
| Total | 90 | (20.98)d | 338 | (78.79)d | -- | ||
| Socio-demographics | |||||||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||
| White, non-Hispanic/Latinx | 17 | (18.89) | 144 | (42.60) | Reference | ||
| Black, non-Hispanic/Latinx | 9 | (10.00) | 22 | (6.51) | 2.75 | (1.35 – 5.60) | <0.01 |
| Hispanic/Latinx | 44 | (48.89) | 94 | (27.81) | 3.02 | (1.81 – 5.04) | <0.01 |
| Other/Multiple, non-Hispanic/Latinxe | 20 | (22.22) | 78 | (23.08) | 1.93 | (1.06 – 3.51) | 0.03 |
| Social transition: self-reported passing with gender binary | |||||||
| A lot / somewhat | 71 | (78.89) | 222 | (65.68) | Reference | ||
| A little | 12 | (13.33) | 64 | (18.93) | 0.65 | (0.37 – 1.14) | 0.13 |
| Not at all | 6 | (6.67) | 48 | (14.20) | 0.46 | (0.21 – 1.00) | 0.05 |
| Current living situation | |||||||
| Stablef | 41 | (45.56) | 245 | (72.49) | Reference | ||
| Unstableg | 49 | (54.44) | 93 | (27.51) | 2.41 | (1.67 – 3.46) | <0.01 |
| Income source in the last month: non-criminalized employmenth | |||||||
| No | 55 | (61.11) | 179 | (52.96) | Reference | ||
| Yes | 35 | (38.89) | 159 | (47.04) | 0.77 | (0.53 – 1.12) | 0.17 |
| Income source in the last month: non-criminalized supplemental incomei | |||||||
| No | 22 | (24.44) | 96 | (28.40) | Reference | ||
| Yes | 68 | (75.56) | 242 | (71.60) | 1.18 | (0.76 – 1.81) | 0.46 |
| Income source in the last month: criminalized sourcesj | |||||||
| No | 74 | (82.22) | 321 | (94.97) | Reference | ||
| Yes | 16 | (17.78) | 17 | (5.03) | 2.59 | (1.72 – 3.89) | <0.01 |
| Number of income sources in the last monthk, mean (standard deviation) | 1.86 | (1.27) | 1.53 | (0.81) | 1.30 | (1.09 – 1.54) | <0.01 |
| Experiences of violence, discrimination, and criminalization | |||||||
| Victim of transphobic hate crimel, last 6 months | |||||||
| No | 67 | (83.75) | 257 | (91.79) | Reference | ||
| Yes | 13 | (16.25) | 22 | (7.86) | 1.80 | (1.11 – 2.91) | 0.02 |
| Experienced discrimination from the police or in courtsl, last 6 months | |||||||
| No | 59 | (73.75) | 269 | (96.07) | Reference | ||
| Yes | 15 | (18.75) | 25 | (8.93) | 2.08 | (1.31 – 3.31) | <0.01 |
| Incarcerated, last 6 months | |||||||
| No | 84 | (93.33) | 328 | (97.04) | Reference | ||
| Yes | 6 | (6.67) | 9 | (2.66) | 1.96 | (1.02 – 3.76) | 0.04 |
| Sexual health behaviors | |||||||
| Met any sexual partners in last 6 months in street or other public setting | |||||||
| No | 44 | (48.89) | 301 | (89.05) | Reference | ||
| Yes | 46 | (51.11) | 37 | (10.95) | 4.35 | (3.10 – 6.09) | <0.01 |
| Met any sexual partners in last 6 months via dating app | |||||||
| No | 78 | (86.67) | 304 | (89.94) | Reference | ||
| Yes | 12 | (13.33) | 34 | (10.06) | 1.28 | (0.76 – 2.16) | 0.36 |
| Met any sexual partners on Craigslist in the last 6 months | |||||||
| No | 76 | (84.44) | 329 | (97.34) | Reference | ||
| Yes | 14 | (15.56) | 9 | (2.66) | 3.24 | (2.21 – 4.77) | <0.01 |
| Met any sexual partners in last 6 months on some other online forum | |||||||
| No | 67 | (74.44) | 309 | (91.42) | Reference | ||
| Yes | 23 | (25.56) | 29 | (8.58) | 2.48 | (1.71 – 3.61) | <0.01 |
| Any condomless anal intercourse, last 6 months | |||||||
| No | 33 | (36.67) | 240 | (71.01) | Reference | ||
| Yes | 54 | (60.00) | 94 | (27.81) | 3.02 | (2.05 – 4.43) | <0.01 |
Notes:
Percentages column-calculated (i.e., the denominator is the total number of participants in the column of interest), unless otherwise specified.
Bivariable ratio comparing the baseline prevalence of sex work by socio-demographic characteristics, experiences of violence, discrimination, and criminalization, and sexual health behaviors to their respective reference groups.
Confidence interval.
Percentage calculated out of total baseline participants (n = 429).
Other/multiple race/ethnicity includes: Asian, non-Hispanic/Latinx (n = 12); American Indian/Alaska Native, non-Hispanic/Latinx (n = 4); Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic/Latinx (n = 8); “Other” race/ethnicity, non-Hispanic/Latinx (n = 9); and more than one race, non-Hispanic/Latinx (n = 65)
Stable housing includes: owning or renting a house/apartment, or living in a single room occupancy unit.
Unstable housing includes: couch surfing, homelessness, living in a shelter, living in a residential treatment program, or living in transitional/supportive housing.
Includes income from non-criminalized employment sources, such as a full- or part-time job. Excludes income from sex work or other criminalized sources; excludes non-criminalized supplemental income.
Includes income from supplemental sources, such as general assistance, food stamps, social security, disability, unemployment, alimony/child support, student loans, or income from friends/family/partners. Excludes income from sex work or other criminalized sources; excludes income from part- or full-time, non-criminalized employment.
Includes income from criminalized sources other than sex work, drug dealing/selling or scamming/stealing. Excludes income from part- or full-time, non-criminalized employment; excludes non-criminalized supplemental income.
Sum of income sources (excluding sex work). Includes income from full- or part-time jobs, general assistance, food stamps, social security, disability, unemployment, alimony/child support, student loans, income from friends/family/partners, drug dealing/selling, alimony/child support, scamming/stealing, or other source other than sex work.
Not collected at baseline, therefore data taken from each participant’s 6-month survey (n = 80 sex workers and n = 280 participants not engaged in sex work).