Table 1.
Baseline characteristics divided by diabetes status in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
| Non‐DM (n = 132) | DM (n = 116) | P for trend | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 74.3 ± 9.7 | 69.0 ± 9.3 | <0.001 |
| Female | 67 (50.8%) | 46 (39.7%) | 0.08 |
| Race | 0.06 | ||
| White | 118 (89.4%) | 92 (79.3%) | |
| Black | 10 (7.6%) | 20 (17.2%) | |
| Other | 4 (3.0%) | 4 (3.4%) | |
| Hispanic | 2 (1.5%) | 5 (4.3%) | 0.18 |
| Canada | 35 (26.5%) | 24 (20.7%) | 0.28 |
| BMI | 31.6 ± 6.5 | 37.1 ± 7.7 | <0.001 |
| Strata: hospitalization | 44 (33.3%) | 69 (59.5%) | <0.001 |
| Medical history | |||
| CVD | 65 (49.2%) | 72 (62.1%) | 0.043 |
| MI | 20 (15.2%) | 33 (28.4%) | 0.011 |
| HTN | 120 (90.9%) | 112 (96.6%) | 0.07 |
| Stroke | 10 (7.6%) | 9 (7.8%) | 0.96 |
| CABG | 28 (21.2%) | 34 (29.3%) | 0.14 |
| PCI | 23 (17.4%) | 37 (31.9%) | 0.008 |
| Angina | 39 (29.5%) | 45 (38.8%) | 0.12 |
| COPD | 14 (10.6%) | 14 (12.1%) | 0.72 |
| Asthma | 14 (10.6%) | 17 (14.7%) | 0.34 |
| PAD | 10 (7.6%) | 19 (16.4%) | 0.031 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 96 (72.7%) | 98 (84.5%) | 0.025 |
| ICD | 7 (5.3%) | 4 (3.4%) | 0.48 |
| Pacemaker | 17 (12.9%) | 12 (10.3%) | 0.54 |
| AF | 79 (59.8%) | 44 (37.9%) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status | 0.22 | ||
| Current | 8 (6.1%) | 6 (5.2%) | |
| Former | 71 (53.8%) | 75 (64.7%) | |
| Never | 53 (40.2%) | 35 (30.2%) | |
| NYHA | 0.17 | ||
| 1 | 7 (5.3%) | 3 (2.6%) | |
| 2 | 73 (55.3%) | 69 (59.5%) | |
| 3 | 52 (39.4%) | 41 (35.3%) | |
| 4 | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (2.6%) | |
| Heart rate (b.p.m.) | 68.5 ± 11.3 | 67.4 ± 10.7 | 0.42 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 123.1 ± 13.8 | 126.6 ± 14.6 | 0.06 |
| EF (%) | 58.8 ± 7.2 | 57.4 ± 7.8 | 0.15 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 67.3 ± 18.7 | 60.6 ± 20.2 | 0.007 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.1 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 139.4 ± 2.8 | 139.4 ± 3.5 | 0.83 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 23.0 ± 10.2 | 28.5 ± 14.7 | <0.001 |
| Medications | |||
| ACE | 58 (43.9%) | 59 (50.9%) | 0.28 |
| ARB | 38 (28.8%) | 39 (33.6%) | 0.41 |
| Beta‐blocker | 106 (80.3%) | 102 (87.9%) | 0.1 |
| CCB | 49 (37.1%) | 49 (42.2%) | 0.41 |
| Diuretics | 115 (87.1%) | 109 (94.0%) | 0.07 |
| Aspirin | 67 (50.8%) | 84 (72.4%) | <0.001 |
| Nitrate | 22 (16.7%) | 30 (25.9%) | 0.08 |
| Statin | 86 (65.2%) | 99 (85.3%) | <0.001 |
| Warfarin | 68 (51.5%) | 33 (28.4%) | <0.001 |
ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CCB, calcium channel blocker; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; EF, ejection fraction; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HTN, hypertension; ICD, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator; MI, myocardial infarction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PAD, peripheral artery disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SBP, systolic blood pressure.