Table 1.
Clinical and biological characteristics of the study population depending on whether iron deficiency diagnostic testing was performed or not (n = 2822)
| All | ID diagnostic test performed | P‐value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||||
| n a (%) | 2822 | 1075 (38.1) | 1747(61.9) | ||
| Baseline characteristics | |||||
| Age, years (IQR) | 2729 | 69 (58–78) | 67 (56–77) | 69 (60–79) | 0.0002 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 2788 | 1956 (70.2) | 725 (68.0) | 1231 (71.5) | 0.051 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (IQR) | 2668 | 26.1 (23.2–30.1) | 26.1 (23.1–30.1) | 26.2 (23.2–30.1) | 0.577 |
| NYHA III–IV vs. I–II, n (%) | 2530 | 971 (38.4) | 350 (36.0) | 621 (39.9) | 0.049 |
| Current decompensation, n (%) | 2577 | 789 (30.6) | 313 (31.6) | 476 (30.0) | 0.507 |
| MLWHF total score (IQR) | 1090 | 48 (31–62) | 50 (31–65) | 46 (31–59) | 0.035 |
| Serum creatinine, μmol/L (IQR) | 2459 | 99.0 (76.0–128.0) | 99.0 (77.0–128.0) | 99.0 (76.0–127.0) | 0.830 |
| Haemoglobin, g/dL (IQR) | 2581 | 12.9 (11.6–14.2) | 12.9 (11.5–14.3) | 12.9 (11.7–14.1) | 0.434 |
| Anaemia, n (%) | 2581 | 1087 (42.1) | 439 (42.2) | 648 (42.1) | 0.935 |
| Baseline medical history, n (%) | |||||
| Diabetes | 2822 | 816 (28.9) | 297 (27.6) | 519 (29.7) | 0.237 |
| Hypertension | 2822 | 1578 (55.9) | 611 (56.8) | 967 (55.4) | 0.440 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 2822 | 1072 (38.0) | 416 (38.7) | 656 (37.6) | 0.542 |
| Smoking | 2822 | 321 (11.4) | 105 (9.8) | 216 (12.4) | 0.035 |
| AF | 2822 | 767 (27.2) | 271 (25.2) | 496 (28.4) | 0.065 |
| SAS | 2822 | 231 (8.2) | 88 (8.2) | 143 (8.2) | 1.000 |
| COPD | 2822 | 199 (7.1) | 70 (6.5) | 129 (7.4) | 0.379 |
| Renal dialysis | 2822 | 17 (0.6) | 10 (0.9) | 7 (0.4) | 0.077 |
| Clinical features of HF | |||||
| ICM | 2639 | 1162 (44.0) | 416 (40.9) | 746 (46.0) | 0.010 |
| LVEF, % (IQR) | 2680 | 36 (29–50) | 37 (28–48) | 35 (30–50) | 0.723 |
| HFrEF, n (%) | 1442 (53.8) | 554 (52.7) | 888 (54.5) |
|
|
| HFmEF, n (%) | 563 (21.0) | 251 (23.9) | 312 (19.2) | ||
| HFpEF, n (%) | 675 (25.2) | 246 (23.4) | 429 (26.3) | ||
| Newly diagnosed HF < 3 months, n (%) | 2680 | 427 (16.4) | 173 (17.4) | 254 (15.8) | 0.283 |
| Last decompensation, n (%) | 2424 | ||||
| <3 months | 1068 (44.1) | 412 (43.6) | 656 (44.4) |
|
|
| 3 months to 1 year | 535 (22.1) | 220 (23.3) | 315 (21.3) | ||
| >1 year | 821 (33.9) | 313 (33.1) | 508 (34.3) | ||
| NT‐proBNP, pg/mL (IQR) | 1739 | 1811 (703–4384) | 1783 (663–4342) | 1855 (734–4405) | 0.332 |
| BNP, pg/mL (IQR) | 828 | 438 (177–855) | 351 (140–732) | 517 (214–948) | 0.020 |
| NT‐proBNP or BNP quartiles, n (%) | 2448 | ||||
| 1st | 615 (25.1) | 277 (27.4) | 338 (23.5) | ||
| 2nd to 3rd | 1214 (49.6) | 493 (48.8) | 721 (50.2) | 0.074 | |
| 4th | 619 (25.3) | 241 (23.8) | 378 (26.3) | ||
| Treatments, n (%) | |||||
| Diuretic | 2822 | 2144 (76.0) | 834 (77.6) | 1310 (75.0) | 0.117 |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 2822 | 1855 (65.7) | 694 (64.6) | 1161 (66.5) | 0.302 |
| ARNi | 2822 | 427 (15.1) | 179 (16.7) | 248 (14.2) | 0.077 |
| Beta‐blocker | 2822 | 2311 (81.9) | 925 (86.0) | 1386 (79.3) | <0.0001 |
| MRA | 2822 | 1269 (45.0) | 521 (48.5) | 748 (42.8) | 0.003 |
| VKA | 2822 | 986 (34.9) | 361 (33.6) | 625 (35.8) | 0.235 |
| NOAC | 2822 | 413 (14.6) | 160 (14.9) | 253 (14.5) | 0.769 |
| Antiplatelet therapy b | 2822 | 1330 (47.1) | 489 (45.5) | 841 (48.1) | 0.171 |
| ICD | 2822 | 725 (25.7) | 275 (25.6) | 450 (25.8) | 0.917 |
| CRT | 411 (14.6) | 158 (14.7) | 253 (14.5) | 0.875 | |
| Recruitment site | |||||
| Hospitalization | 2822 | 1350 (47.8) | 544 (56.7) | 806 (51.0) | |
| Consultation | 908 (32.2) | 300 (31.3) | 608 (38.5) | 0.001 | |
| Cardiac rehabilitation | 283 (10.0) | 116 (12.0) | 167 (10.5) | ||
ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; AF, atrial fibrillation/flutter; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNi, inhibitor of angiotensin and neprilysin; BMI, body mass index; BNP, B‐type natriuretic peptide; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; HF, heart failure; HFmEF, heart failure with mid‐range ejection fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; ICM, ischaemic cardiomyopathy; ID, iron deficiency; IQR, interquartile range; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MLWHF, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire with ≥18 items completed; MRA, mineralocorticoid antagonist; NOAC, novel oral anticoagulants; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal prohormone of B‐type natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SAS, sleep apnoea syndrome; VKA, vitamin K antagonist.
Number of data available.
Corresponded to aspirin, clopidogrel, ticagrelor, or prasugrel.