Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics
| Demographics | |
| Number of subjects | 66 |
| Age (years) | 73 ± 9, range 46–92 |
| Male | 46 (70%) |
| Caucasian | 57 (86%) |
| Laboratory findings | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.1 ± 6.4 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 119.6 ±17.7 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 70.6 ± 9.4 |
| GFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2) | 57.2 ± 17.6 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.8 ± 1.6 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.4 ± 0.4 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 139.9 ± 2.8 |
| NYHA class | |
| Class II | 27 (41%) |
| Class III | 39 (59%) |
| Medical history | |
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy | 38 (58%) |
| Non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy | 21 (32%) |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 1 (1%) |
| Hypertension | 42 (64%) |
| Myocardial infarction | 27 (41%) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 18 (27%) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 40 (61%) |
| Atrial flutter | 7 (11%) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 13 (20%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 28 (42%) |
| Chronic renal dysfunction | 16 (24%) |
| Stroke | 8 (12%) |
| Cardiovascular medications at baseline | |
| ACE‐I/ARB/ARNI | 48 (73%) |
| Beta blockers | 57 (86%) |
| Diuretics | 55 (83%) |
| MRAs | 19 (29%) |
| Vasodilators | 17 (26%) |
| Digitalis compounds | 16 (24%) |
| Anti‐arrhythmic drugs | 15 (23%) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 3 (4%) |
| HCN channel blockers | 2 (3%) |
| HF events in previous 6 months | |
| Yes | 13 (20%) |
| No | 53 (80%) |
ACE‐I, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; ARNI, angiotensin receptor‐neprilysin inhibitors; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HCN, hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.
Data are mean ± standard deviation or number (%).