Table 3.

Health Literacy Questionnaire dimensions according to the cardiovascular disease

	Total N = 208	Acute myocardial infarction N = 102	Acute decompensated heart failure N = 106	P value
Scale 1. Feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers (HPS)
Mean (SD), N = 206	3.02 (0.62)	3.09 (0.59)	2.96 (0.64)	0.141
Scale 2. Having sufficient information to manage my health (HSI)
Mean (SD), N = 204	2.80 (0.45)	2.84 (0.47)	2.75 (0.44)	0.183
Scale 3. Actively managing my health (AMH)
Mean (SD), N = 206	2.71 (0.57)	2.63 (0.60)	2.80 (0.53)	0.031
Scale 4. Social support for health (SS)
Mean (SD), N = 206	3.26 (0.52)	3.27 (0.50)	3.26 (0.54)	0.952
Scale 5. Appraisal of health information (CA)
Mean (SD), N = 204	2.43 (0.57)	2.51 (0.55)	2.36 (0.57)	0.047
Scale 6. Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers (AE)
Mean (SD), N = 204	3.65 (0.69)	3.78 (0.62)	3.51 (0.74)	0.005
Scale 7. Navigating the healthcare system (NHS)
Mean (SD), N = 204	3.27 (0.75)	3.39 (0.69)	3.16 (0.79)	0.030
Scale 8. Ability to find good health information (FHI)
Mean (SD), N = 196	3.22 (0.85)	3.46 (0.78)	2.98 (0.85)	<0.001
Scale 9. Understand health information well enough to know what to do (UHI)
Mean (SD), N = 204	3.47 (0.76)	3.62 (0.67)	3.33 (0.82)	0.007
Mean HLQ	2.97 (0.51)	3.05 (0.50)	2.89 (0.50)	0.019

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; HLQ, Health Literacy Questionnaire.

For Scales 1 to 4, the range is 0–4, and for Scale 5 to 9, the range is 0–5; higher scales reflect a higher health literacy.