Table 4.
Factors associated with the probability of having a low level of health literacy (BHLS score ≤9)
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR | 95% CI | P value | Adj.OR | 95% CI | P value | |
| Reason of admission | <0.001 | |||||
| AMI | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| ADHF | 3.96 | 2.17; 7.45 | 1.85 | 0.48; 7.08 | 0.36 | |
| Women | 1.64 | 0.91; 2.96 | 0.10 | 1.01 | 0.31; 3.06 | 0.99 |
| Age | 1.02 | 1.00; 1.04 | 0.07 | 0.99 | 0.94; 1.05 | 0.79 |
| Education level | ||||||
| No school | 5.46 | 2.26; 14.82 | <0.001 | 0.35 | 0.06 1.78 | 0.22 |
| Primary or secondary | 1.69 | 0.68; 4.61 | 0.28 | 1.11 | 0.28; 4.56 | 0.87 |
| Middle or university | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Income | ||||||
| <€10 000 | 8.13 | 3.49; 20.02 | <0.001 | 10.46 | 2.38 ;54.51 | 0.003 |
| €10 000–€19 999 | 2.63 | 1.18; 6.01 | 0.02 | 4.04 | 1.18; 15.04 | 0.03 |
| >€20 000 | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Native language | <0.001 | |||||
| French | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Other than French | 6.01 | 2.88; 13.20 | 14.36 | 3.76; 66.91 | <0.002 | |
| Marital situation | 0.07 | |||||
| Single | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| In couple | 1.70 | 0.95; 3.06 | 1.51 | 0.53; 4.30 | 0.43 | |
| Medical insurance | 0.02 | |||||
| General health insurance | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Welfare assistance | 3.14 | 1.18; 6.01 | 0.58 | 0.08; 4.57 | 0.59 | |
| Professional status | ||||||
| Unemployed | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Employed | 0.57 | 0.20; 1.65 | 0.28 | 5.47 | 0.83; 46.15 | 0.09 |
| Retired | 1.13 | 0.47; 2.86 | 0.79 | 3.84 | 0.47; 37.08 | 0.22 |
| Obesity | 0.50 | 0.26; 0.95 | 0.03 | 1.16 | 0.40; 3.48 | 0.78 |
| Physical activity | 0.002 | |||||
| Low | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Moderate | 0.58 | 0.29; 1.16 | 0.13 | 1.14 | 0.37; 3.61 | 0.82 |
| High | 0.25 | 0.11; 0.54 | 0.001 | 0.91 | 0.24; 3.40 | 0.88 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.83 | 1.03; 3.29 | 0.03 | 0.97 | 0.29; 3 .18 | 0.96 |
| Hypertension | 1.99 | 1.06; 3.76 | 0.04 | 1.86 | 0.49; 7.09 | 0.36 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 0.52 | 0.28; 0.96 | 0.04 | 0.86 | 0.31; 2.42 | 0.76 |
| Length of stay | 1.06 | 0.99; 1.12 | 0.001 | 0.99 | 0.85; 1.14 | 0.86 |
| First hospitalization | 0.36 | 0.20; 0.64 | 0.001 | 0.44 | 0.14; 1.36 | 0.15 |
Abbreviations: ADHF, acute decompensated heart failure; Adj, adjusted; BHLS, Brief Health Literacy Screening questionnaire; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.