Table 1.
Antibiotic Effect on Immunotherapy PFS and OS in NSCLC Studies Including at Least 50 NSCLC Patients
| Study Author | NSCLC (n): Total (n) | Tx Type | % 1st Line | Abx Tx Period | % Abx Exposure | PFS HR (Abx: No) | OS HR (Abx: No) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Derosa63 | 239: 239† | PD-1 ± CTLA-4 | NA | −1 month → 1st ICI | 20 | 1.3 CI 0.9–1.8 |
2.5* CI 1.6–3.7 |
| −2 month → 1st ICI | 28 | 1.2 CI 0.9–1.6 |
1.6* CI 1.1–2.3 |
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| Galli65 | 157: 157 | PD-1 ± CTLA-4 | 16 | −1 month → +3 months | 29 | 1.06* CI 1.02–1.10 |
1.06* CI 1.03–1.10 |
| Huemer60 | 142: 142 | PD-1 | 0 | −1 month → +1 month | 44 | 1.02 CI 0.70–1.49 |
0.90 CI 0.56–1.45 |
| Pinato64 | 119: 196 | PD-1 ± CTLA-4 | 62 | −1 month → 1st ICI | 15 | NA | 3.4* CI 1.9–6.1 |
| 1st ICI → progression | 35 | NA | 0.9 CI 0.5–1.4 |
||||
| Zhao62 | 109: 109 | PD-1 ± Chemo/VEGF | 26 | −1 month → +1 month | 18 | 3.45* CI 1.78–6.68 |
2.85* CI 1.30–6.26 |
| Hakozaki59 | 90: 90 | PD-1 | 0 | −1 month → 1st ICI | 14 | 1.95 CI 0.88–4.32 |
2.02 CI 0.70–5.83 |
| Kaderbhai58 | 74: 74 | PD-1 | 0 | −3 months → progression | 20 | 0.88 CI 0.46–1.68 |
NA |
| Ouaknine Krief70 | 72: 72 | PD-1 | 0 | −2 months → +1 month | 42 | 1.6 CI 0.6–2.2 |
2.2* CI 1.1–4.8 |
| Tinsley66 | 64: 291 | PD-1 ± CTLA-4 | 41 | −2 weeks → +6 weeks | 32 | 1.40* CI 1.03–1.92 |
1.47* CI 1.04–2.11 |
Notes: PD-1 refers to programmed death 1 or programmed death ligand 1 inhibitors. CTLA-4 refers to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 inhibitors. n refers to the patient sample size. VEGF refers to vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors. NA indicates data not available. †In this study, there was also a cohort of RCC patients that was not included. *Indicates statistical significance.
Abbreviations: Tx, treatment; Abx, antibiotics; HR, hazard ratio; CI, 95% confidence interval.