Table 1:
Participant Characteristics (n=155)
| Age (years) | 86.9 ± 5.1 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.6 ± 5.3 |
| IADL(0–14)a | 6.4 ± 4.2 |
| ADL (0–14)a | 10.4 ± 3.3 |
| Gait speed (m/s) | 0.53 ± 0.45 |
| CTX (ng/ml) | 0.41 ± 0.22 |
| PINP (ng/ml) | 48.3 ± 26.2 |
| Total hip | |
| BMD (g/cm2) | 0.688 ± 0.132 |
| T-score | −2.1 ± 1.1 |
| Lumbar spine | |
| BMD (g/cm2) | 0.962 ± 0.185 |
| T-score | −0.8 ± 1.7 |
| TBS | 1.305 ± 0.294 |
| FRAX major fracture risk (%) | 21.6 ± 9.9 |
| FRAX hip fracture risk (%) | 8.8 ± 9.2 |
| Comorbidity index (0–8 domains)b | 3.7 ± 1.3 |
| Cardiac problems | 53 (34.2) |
| Neurological problems | 5 (3.2) |
| Musculoskeletal problems | 152 (98.1) |
| Sleep/pain/depression | 106 (68.4) |
| Visual/hearing problems | 114 (73.5) |
| Diabetes | 28 (18.1) |
| Cancer | 42 (27.1) |
| Lung problems | 58 (37.4) |
| Frailty, n(%) | |
| Frail | 100 (64.5) |
| Prefrail | 44 (28.4) |
| Robust | 11 (7.1) |
Mean ± standard deviation or n(%)
a
Lower score is worse,
b
Higher score is worse
BMI: body mass index; IADL: instrumental activities of daily living; ADL: activity of daily living; CTX: C-terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type I collagen; PINP: procollagen type I N propeptide; BMD: bone mineral density; TBS: trabecular bone score