Table 2.
Age-specific incidence of diabetes (cases/1000 PYR) by sex and ethnicity
| Age categories (years) | South Asians (SA) | US blacks | US whites | South Asians versus US whites (ref) | US blacks versus US whites (ref) | ||||||||
| New cases | PYR | Incidence (95% CI) Per 1000 PYR |
New cases | PYR | Incidence (95% CI) Per 1000 PY |
New cases | PYR | Incidence (95% CI) Per 1000 PYR |
IRR | IRD | IRR | IRD | |
| Men | |||||||||||||
| 45–49 | 64 | 2352 | 27.2 (21.3 to 34.8) |
73 | 2791 | 26.2 (20.8 to 32.9) |
128 | 8616 | 14.9 (12.5 to 17.7) |
1.83 (1.34 to 2.49) |
12.4 (5.2 to 19.5) |
1.76 (1.30 to 2.36) |
11.3 (4.8 to 17.8) |
| 50–54 | 39 | 1580 | 24.7 (18.0 to 33.8) |
56 | 2105 | 26.6 (20.5 to 34.6) |
155 | 9419 | 16.5 (14.1 to 19.3) |
1.50 (1.03 to 2.14) |
8.2 (0.10 to 16.4) |
1.62 (1.17 to 2.21) |
10.1 (2.7 to 17.6) |
| 55–59 | 34 | 985 | 34.5 (24.7 to 48.3) |
49 | 1686 | 29.1 (22.0 to 38.5) |
163 | 9371 | 17.4 (14.9 to 20.3) |
1.98 (1.33 to 2.89) |
17.1 (5.2 to 29.0) |
1.67 (1.19 to 2.31) |
11.7 (3.1 to 20.2) |
| ≥60 | 46 | 2023 | 22.7 (17.0 to 30.4) |
38 | 1520 | 25.0 (18.2 to 34.4) |
137 | 8509 | 16.1 (13.6 to 19.0) |
1.41 (0.99 to 1.99) |
6.6 (−0.5 to 13.7) |
1.55 (1.05 to 2.24) |
8.9 (0.5 to 17.3) |
| Total (crude) | 183 | 6939 | 26.4 (22.8 to 30.5) |
216 | 8102 | 26.7 (23.3 to 30.5) |
583 | 35 914 | 16.2 (15.0 to 17.6) |
1.62 (1.37 to 1.92) |
10.1 (6.1 to 14.2) |
1.64 (1.40 to 1.92) |
10.4 (6.6 to 14.2) |
| Total (age standardised*) | 26.0 (22.2 to 29.8) |
26.2 (22.7 to 29.7) |
16.1 (14.8 to 17.4) |
||||||||||
| Women | |||||||||||||
| 45–49 | 92 | 2486 | 37.0 (30.2 to 45.4) |
114 | 4952 | 23.0 (19.2 to 27.7) |
106 | 12 120 | 8.7 (7.2 to 10.6) |
4.23 (3.17 to 5.65) |
28.3 (20.5 to 36.0) |
2.63 (2.00 to 3.46) |
14.3 (9.7 to 18.8) |
| 50–54 | 39 | 1400 | 27.8 (20.3 to 38.1) |
112 | 3796 | 29.5 (24.5 to 35.5) |
114 | 11 617 | 9.8 (8.2 to 11.8) |
2.84 (1.92 to 4.12) |
18.0 (9.1 to 27.0) |
3.01 (2.30 to 3.94) |
19.7 (13.9 to 25.4) |
| 55–59 | 33 | 916 | 36.0 (25.6 to 50.7) |
84 | 2719 | 30.9 (24.9 to 38.3) |
124 | 10 149 | 12.2 (10.2 to 14.6) |
2.95 (1.95 to 4.36) |
23.8 (11.3 to 36.3) |
2.53 (1.89 to 3.36) |
18.7 (11.7 to 25.6) |
| ≥60 | 42 | 1426 | 29.5 (21.8 to 39.9) |
62 | 2050 | 30.2 (23.6 to 38.8) |
109 | 8494 | 12.8 (10.6 to 15.5) |
2.3 (1.57 to 3.3) |
16.6 (7.4 to 25.8) |
2.36 (1.70 to 3.25) |
17.4 (9.5 to 25.3) |
| Total (crude) | 206 | 6228 | 33.1 (28.9 to 37.9) |
372 | 13 516 | 27.5 (24.9 to 30.5) |
453 | 42 380 | 10.7 (9.7 to 11.7) |
3.09 (2.61 to 3.66) |
22.4 (17.8 to 27.0) |
2.57 (2.24 to 2.96) |
16.8 (13.9 to 19.8) |
| Total (age standardised*) | 31.9 (27.5 to 36.2) |
28.6 (25.7 to 31.6) |
11.3 (10.2 to 12.3) |
||||||||||
| Both sexes | |||||||||||||
| Total (crude) | 389 | 13 167 | 29.5 (26.7 to 32.6) |
588 | 21 618 | 27.2 (25.1 to 29.5) |
1036 | 78 294 | 13.2 (12.5 to 14.1) |
3.19 (2.87 to 3.53) |
28.9 (25.3 to 32.5) |
2.06 (1.85 to 2.28) |
14 (11.6 to 16.3) |
| Total (age standardised*) | 28.7 (25.8 to 31.5) |
27.6 (25.4 to 29.9) |
13.5 (12.7 to 14.3) |
||||||||||
Diabetes defined as FPG ≥7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) or HBA1c ≥48 mmol/mol (6.5%) or self-reported/physician-diagnosed diabetes or medication.
IRR calculated as South Asians/US blacks (incidence rate) divided by US whites (incidence rate).
IRD, (risk difference, cases/1000 PYR) calculated as South Asians/US blacks (incidence rate) minus US whites (incidence rate).
*Standardised to world population.
FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; IRD, incidence risk difference; IRR, incidence rate ratio; PYR, person-years; ref, reference.