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Analysis of the variations of the transmitted force responses around the failure of the helmets. (A) Drop height 1.73 m. (B) Drop height 1.83 m. The red lines and black lines are the results of the off-the-shelf helmets and the helmets with air bubble cushioning liner, respectively. The impact force actuated the high frequency vibrations in helmets and the air bubble cushioning liner helped damp these system vibrations.
