TABLE 2.

Clinical characteristics and metal concentrations in serum determined by AAS showing significant changes in magnesium and zinc in PD compared with control.

Metals	Control (n = 32)	PD (n = 33)	p-value
Age (years)	65.21 ± 5.60	66.21 ± 5.41	0.48
Gender	Male: 15; Female: 7	Male: 14; Female: 9	0.84
Age at onset (years)	−	63.84 ± 5.4	−
UPDRS I–Mentation, Behavior, and Mood	−	2.93 ± 2.10	−
UPDRS II–Activities of Daily Living (ADL)	−	11.34 ± 7.31	−
UPDRS III–Motor Examination	−	21.6 ± 18.22	−
Serum (μg/L)
Magnesium	4.31 ± 0.041	5.316 ± 0.039	≤0.001*
Zinc	2.846 ± 0.046	2.631 ± 0.039	≤0.001*

*p < 0.05, statistical significance; mean ± SD. AAS, atomic absorption spectrophotometer; PD, Parkinson’s disease; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale.