Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants with and without a Positive SARS-CoV-2 Test for Active Infection
| Tested Positive N=484 |
Everyone Else (Tested Negative, Not Tested) N=35,557 |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary Residence in USA | 461 (95.2%) | 32,989 (92.8%) | 0.033 |
| Median Age (IQR) | 42.0 (36.0–51.0)a | 43.0 (35.0–54.0)b | 0.17 |
| Female Biological Sex | 361 (75.8%) | 23,163 (65.1%) | <0.001 |
| Race/Ethnicity | <0.001 | ||
| White | 403 (84.7%) | 28,902 (81.3%) | |
| Black | 7 (1.5%) | 336 (0.9%) | |
| Hispanic (any race) | 47 (9.9%) | 2581 (7.3%) | |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 10 (2.1%) | 1919 (5.4%) | |
| Other (including multiracial) | 9 (1.9%) | 813 (2.3%) | |
| Highest Level of Education | <0.001 | ||
| Less than high school | 3 (0.6%) | 164 (0.5%) | |
| High school graduate | 27 (5.7%) | 1356 (3.8%) | |
| College Graduate (including associate degree) | 268 (55.4%) | 17,552 (49.4%) | |
| Graduate school | 171 (35.3%) | 15,035 (42.3%) | |
| Other | 7 (1.4%) | 427 (1.2%) | |
| Healthcare worker | 181 (37.4%) | 7299 (20.5%) | <0.001 |
| Children living with you | 205 (42.4%) | 11,529 (32.4%) | <0.001 |
| Children home from college living with you | 40 (8.3%) | 2778 (7.8%) | 0.67 |
| Any pets at home | 357 (73.8%) | 22, 882 (64.4%) | <0.001 |
| Cigarettes: any use in last 30 days | 25 (5.4%) | 1906 (5.4%) | 0.92 |
| E-cigarettes: any use in last 30 days | 13 (2.8%) | 1041 (2.9%) | 0.89 |
| Marijuana: any use in last 30 days | 31 (6.8%) | 3300 (9.3%) | 0.027 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 7 (1.5%) | 952 (2.7%) | 0.09 |
| Anemia | 54 (11.4%) | 3512 (9.9%) | 0.36 |
| Asthma | 52 (11.0%) | 3482 (9.8%) | 0.49 |
| Cancer | 14 (3.0%) | 1023 (2.9%) | 1.00 |
| Coronary artery disease | 8 (1.7%) | 825 (2.2%) | 0.45 |
| Congestive heart failure | 3 (0.6%) | 220 (0.6%) | 1.00 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 10 (2.1%) | 569 (1.6%) | 0.46 |
| Diabetes | 18 (3.8%) | 1400 (3.9%) | 0.91 |
| High blood pressure | 86 (18.1%) | 6777 (19.1%) | 0.48 |
| Human immunodeficiency virus | 4 (0.8%) | 139 (0.4%) | 0.13 |
| Immunodeficiency | 20 (4.2%) | 701 (2.0.%) | 0.003 |
| Myocardial infarct | 3 (0.6%) | 340 (1.0%) | 0.64 |
| Pregnant | 10 (2.1%) | 306 (0.9%) | 0.011 |
| Sleep apnea | 45 (9.5%) | 3578 (10.1%) | 0.60 |
| Stroke | 5 (1.1%) | 433 (1.2%) | 1.00 |
| Received flu shot within the year | 352 (72.9%) | 26,258 (73.8%) | 0.64 |
Notes: aThe youngest and oldest ages of participants within the “Tested Positive” group was 18 years and 78 years, respectively. bThe youngest and oldest ages of participants within the “Everyone Else” group was 18 years and 91 years, respectively.