Table 2.
Comparison of the Characteristics of Patients Who Developed Lung Cancer with Those Who Did Not
| Developed Lung Cancer (n = 19) | Did Not Develop Lung Cancer (n = 205) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 72.4 ± 7.1 | 70.2 ± 8.5 | 0.2903 |
| Male/Female | 19/0 | 195/10 | 0.3246 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.9 ± 2.5 | 22.7 ± 3.5 | 0.3509 |
| Follow-up period (yr) | 4.39 (3.10–5.73) | 4.61 (2.71–6.26) | 0.7708 |
| Pack-years | 62.7 ± 31.0 | 49.6 ± 31.5 | 0.0836 |
| Current smoker (%) | 31.6 | 11.2 | 0.0226 |
| Death (%) | 36.8 | 5.4 | <0.001 |
| Survival period (days) | 1602 (1133–2091) | 1682 (991–2282) | 0.7708 |
| CAT (score) | 10.4 ± 6.3 | 9.5 ± 7.3 | 0.6113 |
| LAA (score) | 7.4 ± 4.4 | 5.1 ± 4.1 | 0.0437 |
| Change in LAA (score) | 0.0 (−0.3–0.5) | 0.0 (0.0–0.5) | 0.7312 |
| Exacerbations (/yr) | 0.00 (0.00–0.25) | 0.00 (0.00–0.16) | 0.7128 |
| GOLD I/II/III/IV | 7/7/1/4 | 66/101/32/6 | 0.0021 |
| GOLD A/B/C/D | 7/11/0/1 | 117/76/5/7 | 0.2774 |
| FVC (L) | 3.27 ± 0.68 | 3.24 ± 0.78 | 0.8808 |
| FEV1 (L) | 1.78 ± 0.81 | 1.89 ± 0.62 | 0.4724 |
| %FEV1 (%) | 63.8 ± 26.9 | 68.8 ± 19.7 | 0.3116 |
| Changes in FEV1 (mL/yr) | −21.0 (−50.5–8.8) | −10.5 (−52.3–25.8) | 0.4773 |
| Changes in %FEV1 (%/yr) | −0.323 (−1.132–1.407) | 0.220 (−1.129–1.661) | 0.6677 |
| Bronchodilator reversibility (%) | 7.1 | 16.4 | 0.7028 |
| FeNO (ppb) | 25.5 ± 11.7 | 33.0 ± 24.8 | 0.2814 |
| Use of LAMA (%) | 5.3 | 24.9 | 0.0835 |
| Use of LABA (%) | 10.5 | 21.0 | 0.3780 |
| Use of ICS at enrollment (%) | 5.3 | 11.7 | 0.7031 |
| Use of ICS during follow-up period (%) | 15.8 | 31.2 | 0.1599 |
| ACO (%) | 5.3 | 14.6 | 0.4843 |
| Interstitial pneumonia (%) | 15.8 | 6.8 | 0.1583 |
| TP (g/dl) | 7.1 ± 0.5 | 7.1 ± 0.5 | 0.7975 |
| T. Bil (mg/dl) | 0.74 ± 0.41 | 0.74 ± 0.30 | 0.9821 |
| AST (U/l) | 22.2 ± 12.5 | 23.1 ± 7.8 | 0.6260 |
| ALT (U/l) | 19.7 ± 16.0 | 21.8 ± 10.7 | 0.4446 |
| LDH (U/l) | 182.0 ± 27.7 | 198.9 ± 41.0 | 0.0809 |
| BUN (mg/dl) | 16.8 ± 5.0 | 16.9 ± 5.2 | 0.9465 |
| Crea (mg/dl) | 0.74 ± 0.12 | 0.84 ± 0.25 | 0.0995 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 80.5 ± 12.5 | 74.1 ± 20.1 | 0.1764 |
| UA (mg/dl) | 5.7 ± 1.7 | 5.9 ± 1.4 | 0.5096 |
| Na (mEq/l) | 140.7 ± 3.2 | 141.4 ± 2.2 | 0.2507 |
| K (mEq/l) | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 0.6641 |
| Cl (mEq/l) | 103.5 ± 3.7 | 104.8 ± 2.5 | 0.9776 |
| WBC (/μL) | 6336.3 ± 1306.0 | 6388.9 ± 2013.2 | 0.9112 |
| Neut (/μL) | 4170.0 ± 982.2 | 3804.3 ± 1499.4 | 0.3543 |
| Lymph (/μL) | 1595.3 ± 770.5 | 1833.8 ± 677.6 | 0.1947 |
| Mono (/μL) | 390.7 ± 122.5 | 393.0 ± 143.8 | 0.9514 |
| Eos (/μL) | 80.0 (60.0–250.0) | 170.0 (100.0–260.0) | 0.0554 |
| Baso (/μL) | 28.0 ± 15.7 | 42.8 ± 23.5 | 0.0016 |
| RBC (106/μL) | 4.52 ± 0.42 | 4.58 ± 0.54 | 0.6126 |
| Hb (g/dl) | 14.0 ± 1.2 | 14.0 ± 1.6 | 0.8423 |
| Ht (%) | 42.5 ± 3.6 | 42.9 ± 4.3 | 0.7000 |
| Plt (104/μL) | 20.9 ± 5.6 | 22.4 ± 6.2 | 0.3176 |
| IgE (IU/mL) | 89.3 (30.9–221.0) | 69.6 (23.4–242.0) | 0.7387 |
| Fe (μg/dl) | 96.2 ± 31.8 | 93.7 ± 39.3 | 0.7947 |
| Fer (ng/mL) | 111.7 (61.0–149.5) | 90.6 (43.5–173.5) | 0.6470 |
| hsCRP (mg/dl) | 0.10 (0.04–0.34) | 0.09 (0.04–0.21) | 0.8805 |
| D-dimer (μg/dl) | 0.86 (0.53–1.59) | 0.79 (0.54–1.36) | 0.5744 |
| Fib (mg/dl) | 329.1 ± 49.6 | 329.0 ± 79.3 | 0.9946 |
| 5-HIAA (ng/mL) | 5.3 (4.0–9.4) | 6.0 (4.7–8.5) | 0.3681 |
| ACE (U/l) | 11.2 (9.0–15.0) | 12.8 (10.4–15.8) | 0.2570 |
| TARC (pg/mL) | 397.9 ± 197.3 | 384.0 ± 228.8 | 0.8310 |
| Hcy (nmol/mL) | 10.8 ± 2.7 | 11.5 ± 5.3 | 0.5686 |
| PRA (ng/mL/hr) | 1.3 (0.6–1.4) | 1.2 (0.7–2.3) | 0.3651 |
Note: Data are presented as mean ± SD, median (with ranges in parentheses, 25th–75th percentile) or n.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAT, COPD assessment score; LAA, low attenuation area on CT scan; FeNO, fractional exhaled nitric oxide; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; LABA, long-acting β2 agonist; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; ACO, asthma-COPD overlap; IgE, immunoglobulin E; Fer, ferritin; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; Fib, fibrinogen; 5-HIAA, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; TARC, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine; Hcy, homocysteine; PRA, plasma renin activity.