Fig. 2.

a) Prevalence of clinical interventions among patients without anemia and different severities of anemia. *Chi-square p < 0.05. Error bars are of standard errors calculated based on sample statistics. Moderate-severe anemia patient group was significantly more likely to receive hemodialysis than the other two groups. No statistically significant differences were observed in the rates of mechanical ventilation, ICU admission, or vasopressor use. However, ICU admission rate may not reflect the true prevalence for need of intensive cares since patients admitted to make-shift ICUs and higher-level care floors could not be accurately counted.

b) Prevalence of clinical outcomes and diagnoses among patients without anemia and with different severities of anemia. *Chi square p < 0.05. Error bars are of standard errors calculated based on sample statistics. Moderate-Severe anemia group had significantly higher rates of prolonged stay, sepsis/septic shock, and death compared to the other two groups. The rate of acute hypoxic respiratory failure was highest in the mild anemia group, and lowest in the moderate-severe anemia group. Although lacking statistical significance, the rate of composite severe outcomes increases with anemia severity.