Figure 1. Mechanisms of sexual dimorphism in DKD and potential therapeutic implications.
Abbreviations: ACEi: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ACE2: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; MAO: Monoamine oxidase; MAOa: Monoamine oxidase type A; PDE5: Phosphodiesterase type 5; RAAS: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; SGLT2: Sodium glucose co-transporter 2.